Verse:Irta/Judeo-Mandarin: Difference between revisions
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Note that ''mă nach'' 'if not (real)' or ''năn nach'' 'if not (irreal)' is used where Irish would use ''mura''. The two senses of the Irish conjunction ''nach'' (NEG.COMP or NEG.REL) are also distinguished: ''gu nach'' (complementizer) and ''ă nach'' (relativizer). | Note that ''mă nach'' 'if not (real)' or ''năn nach'' 'if not (irreal)' is used where Irish would use ''mura''. The two senses of the Irish conjunction ''nach'' (NEG.COMP or NEG.REL) are also distinguished: ''gu nach'' (complementizer) and ''ă nach'' (relativizer). | ||
* t' e ă(g) = present (to becomes t' before a vowel) | * t' e ă(g) = present progressive (to becomes t' before a vowel) | ||
* t' e ņey = past perfective | * t' e ņey = past perfective | ||
* v' e ă(g) = past imperfective or present conditional | * v' e ă(g) = past imperfective or present conditional | ||
* v' e ņey = pluperfect or past conditional | * v' e ņey = pluperfect or past conditional | ||
* bi e ă(g) = future | * bi e ă(g) = future and present habitual/timeless | ||
* bi e ney = future perfective | * bi e ney = future perfective | ||
* răv e ă(g) = jussive impfv. ('may he.../let him...') | * răv e ă(g) = jussive impfv. ('may he.../let him...') | ||
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** pres. comp. ''gu vel/gvel e...'' = (says/believes/hopes...) that he... | ** pres. comp. ''gu vel/gvel e...'' = (says/believes/hopes...) that he... | ||
** pres. comp. neg. ''gu nach el e...'' = (says/believes/hopes...) that he does not/did not... | ** pres. comp. neg. ''gu nach el e...'' = (says/believes/hopes...) that he does not/did not... | ||
** pres. rel. (head != subject) '' | ** pres. rel. (head != subject) ''o h-e...'' = that he... (אַ ''a'' triggers h-prothesis, it's from ''*āh'' < ''*a tha'') | ||
** pres. rel. (head == subject) '' | ** pres. rel. (head == subject) ''o h-...'' = that is... | ||
** pres. rel. neg. (head != subject) ''ă nach el e...'' = that is not... | ** pres. rel. neg. (head != subject) ''ă nach el e...'' = that is not... | ||
** pres. rel. neg. (head == subject) ''ă nach el ...'' = that he does not... | ** pres. rel. neg. (head == subject) ''ă nach el ...'' = that he does not... | ||
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** irreral cond. neg. ''năn nach rǎv e...'' | ** irreral cond. neg. ''năn nach rǎv e...'' | ||
*Future: ''bey e ăg ih'' = he will eat | *Future: ''bey e ăg ih'' = he will eat | ||
**'' | **''ăm bi șe...'' = will he...? | ||
**'' | **''chă bhi șe...'' = he will not... | ||
**''nach | **''nach bi șe...'' = won't he...? | ||
**''ă/gum bis șe...'' = REL/COMP he will... | **''ă/gum bis șe...'' = REL/COMP he will... | ||
*Past: ''v'e ăg ih'' = he was eating/he would eat | *Past: ''v'e ăg ih'' = he was eating/he would eat | ||
**''ă răv e...'' = was he...?/would he? | **''ă răv e...'' = was he...?/would he? | ||
**'' | **''chă răv e...'' = he was not.../he would not... | ||
**''nach răv e...'' = was he not...?/would he not...? | **''nach răv e...'' = was he not...?/would he not...? | ||
***''gu răv e''' = COMP he was | ***''gu răv e''' = COMP he was | ||