Nankôre: Difference between revisions
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The applicative auxiliaries promote an Oblique argument to core status, thereby creating a derived Patient. This results in a transitive sentence, and the inverse marker ''tā/tāh'' once again can be used if the to disambiguate the roles of the core arguments if a lower-animacy argument is an Agent. There are several of these auxiliaries, listed in the following table: | The applicative auxiliaries promote an Oblique argument to core status, thereby creating a derived Patient. This results in a transitive sentence, and the inverse marker ''tā/tāh'' once again can be used if the to disambiguate the roles of the core arguments if a lower-animacy argument is an Agent. There are several of these auxiliaries, listed in the following table: | ||
{| class=" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Case Role !! Auxiliary !! Sample Sentence !! Translation !! Comment | ! '''Case Role''' !! Auxiliary !! Sample Sentence !! Translation !! Comment | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Directional || sanha || Anut America sanha-kor kamuk itá. || Anut supposedly flew to America. || ''-kor'' = hearsay affix, attaches to the auxiliary. | | '''Directional''' || sanha || Anut America sanha-kor kamuk itá. || Anut supposedly flew to America. || ''-kor'' = hearsay affix, attaches to the auxiliary. | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Benefactive || nasko|| Nanhoska karen tāh-nasko-ro-kor eyna itá. || It is said the (sacred) tree gave (life) for the people.|| ''-ro-'' = Imperfect aspect. Note also the inverse marker ''-tāh'' | | '''Benefactive''' || nasko|| Nanhoska karen tāh-nasko-ro-kor eyna itá. || It is said the (sacred) tree gave (life) for the people.|| ''-ro-'' = Imperfect aspect. Note also the inverse marker ''-tāh'' | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Commitative || yampe || Ehok yurasna yampe-nahoyra-kor neat itá. || The adolescent struck (it) repeatedly with a club|| ''-nahoyra-'' = Repetitive | | '''Commitative''' || yampe || Ehok yurasna yampe-nahoyra-kor neat itá. || The adolescent struck (it) repeatedly with a club|| ''-nahoyra-'' = Repetitive | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Instrumental || makôr || (Example)|| (Example)|| | | '''Instrumental''' || makôr || (Example)|| (Example)|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ablative || risa || (Example)|| (Example)|| | | '''Ablative''' || risa || (Example)|| (Example)|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Locative || neyhi || (Example)|| (Example)|| | | '''Locative''' || neyhi || (Example)|| (Example)|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Vialis || nahke || (Example)|| (Example)|| | | '''Vialis''' || nahke || (Example)|| (Example)|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Superessive || oros || (Example)|| (Example)|| | | '''Superessive''' || oros || (Example)|| (Example)|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Subessive || yorha || (Example)|| (Example)|| | | '''Subessive''' || yorha || (Example)|| (Example)|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ablative-Superessive || isuk || (Example)|| (Example)|| | | '''Ablative-Superessive''' || isuk || (Example)|| (Example)|| | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Ablative-Subessive || royna || (Example)|| (Example)|| | | '''Ablative-Subessive''' || royna || (Example)|| (Example)|| | ||
|} | |} | ||
These auxiliaries are often confused for adpositions, or relational nouns, but unlike adpositions and locative nouns, these auxiliaries are full-fledged verbs. If inverse marking is required, the prefix ''tā/tāh'' is still prefixed to the auxiliary verb. Likewise, aspect and modality markers are attached to the auxiliary, a process that occurs only with verbs in the language, never with nouns. | These auxiliaries are often confused for adpositions, or relational nouns, but unlike adpositions and locative nouns, these auxiliaries are full-fledged verbs. If inverse marking is required, the prefix ''tā/tāh'' is still prefixed to the auxiliary verb. Likewise, aspect and modality markers are attached to the auxiliary, a process that occurs only with verbs in the language, never with nouns. Moreover, these auxiliaries can stand alone as independent verbs, such as ''Kosmakis Anut nahke itá'' "Anut walked with Kosmak" (''nahke'' = to be arm-in-arm; c.f. ''nahuk'' "elbow"). | ||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | <!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | ||