Togarmite: Difference between revisions
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**''emein'' 'drowned, lost forever', lit. awater | **''emein'' 'drowned, lost forever', lit. awater | ||
*''-byl'' = -able (from English -able and native ''abȝel'' 'to be able to') | *''-byl'' = -able (from English -able and native ''abȝel'' 'to be able to') | ||
*''þy-'' 're-'<!-- | |||
====''þyfaȝel'' and the prefix ''þy-''==== | |||
This binyan comes from the tD-stem (t- with geminate stem) and corresponds directly to the Arabic binyan ''tafa33ala''. | |||
The main meanings of this binyan are: | |||
*reciprocal or back-and-forth action | |||
*reaction/back, again, re-: the most productive modern meaning | |||
**''þynawer'' 'to reflect', from ''naur'' 'light' | |||
**''þyparkes'' 'to react', from ''parkis'' 'action' | |||
**''þysalem'' 'to repay', from √s-l-m 'peace, whole' | |||
**''þyȝanė'' 'to satisfy', from √ȝ-n-j 'distress, need'; probably influenced by a now obsolete meaning 'to answer' of the same root | |||
*unpredictable change in meaning | |||
The resemblance of this binyan to the very common ''faȝel'' binyan has led to the ''þy-'' prefix becoming productive, with some semantic overlap with the prefix ''re-'' in English. | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="wikitable" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | |||
|+ Binyan 6 conjugation: ''þydares'' 'teach' | |||
! style="width: 75px; "| → Person<br/>↓ Tense | |||
! style="width: 75px; " | 1sg | |||
! style="width: 75px; " | 2sg | |||
! style="width: 75px; " | 3sg | |||
! style="width: 75px; " | 1pl | |||
! style="width: 75px; " | 2pl | |||
! style="width: 75px; " | 3pl | |||
|- | |||
! past; conditional | |||
| ''nėx yþydares'' | |||
| ''aþ/eþ yþydares'' | |||
| ''hu/hi þydares'' | |||
| ''nan þydares'' | |||
| ''aþøm þydares'' | |||
| ''høm þydares'' | |||
|- | |||
! past progressive; past subjunctive | |||
| ''fiti wyþydares'' | |||
| ''fit wyþydares'' | |||
| ''fė wyþydares'' | |||
| ''finė wyþydares'' | |||
| ''fitøm wyþydares'' | |||
| ''fu wyþydares'' | |||
|- | |||
! present | |||
| ''nėx yþydrėres'' | |||
| ''aþ/eþ yþydrėres'' | |||
| ''hu/hi þydrėres'' | |||
| ''nan þydrėres'' | |||
| ''aþøm þydrėres'' | |||
| ''høm þydrėres'' | |||
|- | |||
! present progressive | |||
| ''nėx še wyþydares'' | |||
| ''aþ/eþ še wyþydares'' | |||
| ''hu/hi še wyþydares'' | |||
| ''nan še wyþydares'' | |||
| ''aþøm šu wyþydares'' | |||
| ''høm šu wyþydares'' | |||
|- | |||
! present subjunctive | |||
| ''nėx yþydaresan'' | |||
| ''aþ/eþ yþydaresan'' | |||
| ''hu/hi þydaresan'' | |||
| ''nan þydaresan'' | |||
| ''aþøm þydaresun'' | |||
| ''høm þydaresun'' | |||
|- | |||
! future | |||
| ''ėbe þydarus'' | |||
| ''tėbe þydarus'' | |||
| ''jėbe þydarus'' | |||
| ''nėbe þydarus'' | |||
| ''tėbu þydarus'' | |||
| ''jėbu þydarus'' | |||
|- | |||
! perfect | |||
| ''li møþydaras'' | |||
| ''lax/lex møþydaras'' | |||
| ''lau/la møþydaras'' | |||
| ''lanė møþydaras'' | |||
| ''laxøm møþydaras'' | |||
| ''laum møþydaras'' | |||
|- | |||
! imperative | |||
|colspan=6|''þydares!'' | |||
|- | |||
! active participle | |||
|colspan=6| ''møþydares'' | |||
|- | |||
! passive participle | |||
|colspan=6| ''møþydaras'' | |||
|- | |||
! w-form | |||
|colspan=6| ''wyþydares'' | |||
|- | |||
! infinitive | |||
|colspan=6| ''þydarus'' | |||
|} | |||
--> | |||
==Phrasebook== | ==Phrasebook== | ||