Togarmite: Difference between revisions
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The citation form is the 2nd person singular imperative. | The citation form is the 2nd person singular imperative. | ||
===Binyanim=== | ===Binyanim=== | ||
Modern Togarmite inherits all | Modern Togarmite inherits all 8 binyanim of Old Togarmite. The ''þy-'' of Binyan 7 (''þyfaȝel'') verbs has become a productive derivational prefix, however. | ||
====Binyan 1: ''fȝøl''==== | ====Binyan 1: ''fȝøl''==== | ||
This binyan can take -ø- (e.g. ''xþøb'' 'to write'), -e- (''sen'' 'to sleep') or -a- (''tȝam'' 'to choose') as the theme vowel. | This binyan can take -ø- (e.g. ''xþøb'' 'to write'), -e- (''sen'' 'to sleep') or -a- (''tȝam'' 'to choose') as the theme vowel. | ||
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For 4-letter verbs such as ''parkes'' 'to act', the present tense is formed with the stem ''-C₁C₂ėC₃eC₄'', like ''nėx yprėkes'' 'I act'. | For 4-letter verbs such as ''parkes'' 'to act', the present tense is formed with the stem ''-C₁C₂ėC₃eC₄'', like ''nėx yprėkes'' 'I act'. | ||
==== Binyan 3: ''fėȝel'' ==== | |||
====Binyan | ==== Binyan 4: ''afȝel'' ==== | ||
This binyan comes from the Proto-Semitic Š-stems thus corresponds to Hebrew hif3il and Arabic ʔaf3ala. | This binyan comes from the Proto-Semitic Š-stems thus corresponds to Hebrew hif3il and Arabic ʔaf3ala. | ||
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====Binyan | ====Binyan 5: ''yftyȝel''==== | ||
This binyan comes from the Proto-Semitic t-stem and shares similarities with the Hebrew binyan ''hitpa33el'' and Arabic ''ifta3ala''. It is characterized by the þ- prefix that comes from the *t infix. | This binyan comes from the Proto-Semitic t-stem and shares similarities with the Hebrew binyan ''hitpa33el'' and Arabic ''ifta3ala''. It is characterized by the þ- prefix that comes from the *t infix. | ||
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====Binyan | ====Binyan 6: ''eþyfȝel''==== | ||
This binyan comes from the Nt-stem, with the mediopassive n- marker and the reflexive/reciprocal t-marker: the stem comes from *intap3il. cf. Hebrew ''nitpa33el'', a variant of the ''hitpa33el'' binyan and the Arabic ''infa3ala'' binyan. | This binyan comes from the Nt-stem, with the mediopassive n- marker and the reflexive/reciprocal t-marker: the stem comes from *intap3il. cf. Hebrew ''nitpa33el'', a variant of the ''hitpa33el'' binyan and the Arabic ''infa3ala'' binyan. | ||