Lifashian: Difference between revisions

Line 59:

{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"

|-

! colspan=2 | → PoA ↓ Manner !! Labial and Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Palatal and Alveolo-Palatal !! Velar ~~!! Uvular~~ !! Glottal

! colspan=2 | → PoA ↓ Manner !! Labial and Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Palatal and Alveolo-Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal

|-

! colspan=2 | Nasals

| m || n || || ŋ || ||

| m || n || || ŋ||

|-

! rowspan=2 | Plosives !! Voiceless

| p || t || || k || ~~(q) || (Ɂ)~~

| p || t || || k ||

|-

! Voiced

| b || d || || ɡ || ||

| b || d || || ɡ ||

|-

! rowspan=2 | Affricates !! Voiceless

| || || tʃ || || ||

| || || tʃ || ||

|-

! Voiced

| || || dʒ || || ||

| || || dʒ || ||

|-

! rowspan=2 | Fricatives !! Voiceless

| f || s || ʃ ~~|| (x)~~ || || h

| f || s || ʃ || || h

|-

! Voiced

| || z || ʒ ~~|| (ɣ)~~ || ||

| || z || ʒ || ||

|-

! colspan=2 | Laterals

| || l || || || ||

| || l || || ||

|-

! colspan=2 | Trill

| || ɹ || || || ||

| || ɹ || || ||

|-

! colspan=2 | Approximants

| w || || j || || ||

| w || || j || ||

|}

The phonemes {{IPA|/q Ɂ x ɣ/}} only occur in Perso-Arabic words, but except for careful formal speech most speakers merge the former with {{IPA|/k/}}, do not pronounce {{IPA|/Ɂ/}}, and merge the latter two with {{IPA|/h/}}. The main minority of Dár Lífasyám, [[w:Laz language|Laz]] speakers, are prone to using them more except for the glottal stop. The consonants {{IPA|/z ʒ/}} were also introduced from Persian and Ligurian and do not appear in native words, but also due to their prominence in Russian loans they are distinguished by virtually every speaker.

The {{IPA|[ɲ]}} phone is sometimes considered to be a phoneme, and is recognized as a distinct sound by speakers, but it is phonemically analyzed as {{IPA|/nj/}}. While any underlying {{IPA|/sj/}} is also realized as {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, the latter is not just a phone but a phoneme, as it occurs in environments where an underlying {{IPA|/sj/}} would be impossible: {{IPA|/ʃ/}} is a common coda, but {{IPA|/j/}} cannot occur in a coda after another consonant.

@@ Line 59: / Line 59: @@
 {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
 |-
-! colspan=2 | → PoA <br/> ↓ Manner !! Labial<br/>and Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Palatal<br/>and Alveolo-Palatal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal
+! colspan=2 | → PoA <br/> ↓ Manner !! Labial<br/>and Labiodental !! Alveolar !! Palatal<br/>and Alveolo-Palatal !! Velar !! Glottal
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Nasals
-| m || n || || ŋ || ||
+| m || n || || ŋ||
 |-
 ! rowspan=2 | Plosives !! <small>Voiceless</small>
-| p || t || || k || (q) || (Ɂ)
+| p || t || || k ||
 |-
 ! <small>Voiced</small>
-| b || d || || ɡ || ||
+| b || d || || ɡ ||
 |-
 ! rowspan=2 | Affricates !! <small>Voiceless</small>
-| || || tʃ || || ||
+| || || tʃ || ||
 |-
 ! <small>Voiced</small>
-| || || dʒ || || ||
+| || || dʒ || ||
 |-
 ! rowspan=2 | Fricatives !! <small>Voiceless</small>
-| f || s || ʃ || (x) || || h
+| f || s || ʃ || || h
 |-
 ! <small>Voiced</small>
-| || z || ʒ || (ɣ) || ||
+| || z || ʒ || ||
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Laterals
-| || l || || || ||
+| || l || || ||
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Trill
-| || ɹ || || || ||
+| || ɹ || || ||
 |-
 ! colspan=2 | Approximants
-| w || || j || || ||
+| w || || j || ||
 |}
-The phonemes {{IPA|/q Ɂ x ɣ/}} only occur in Perso-Arabic words, but except for careful formal speech most speakers merge the former with {{IPA|/k/}}, do not pronounce {{IPA|/Ɂ/}}, and merge the latter two with {{IPA|/h/}}. The main minority of Dár Lífasyám, [[w:Laz language|Laz]] speakers, are prone to using them more except for the glottal stop.<br/>The consonants {{IPA|/z ʒ/}} were also introduced from Persian and Ligurian and do not appear in native words, but also due to their prominence in Russian loans they are distinguished by virtually every speaker.
 The {{IPA|[ɲ]}} phone is sometimes considered to be a phoneme, and is recognized as a distinct sound by speakers, but it is phonemically analyzed as {{IPA|/nj/}}. While any underlying {{IPA|/sj/}} is also realized as {{IPA|[ʃ]}}, the latter is not just a phone but a phoneme, as it occurs in environments where an underlying {{IPA|/sj/}} would be impossible: {{IPA|/ʃ/}} is a common coda, but {{IPA|/j/}} cannot occur in a coda after another consonant.