Niemish: Difference between revisions

Line 532:

It is thought that ''dj'' initially became */ddz/ before /z/, both because it patterns with ''tj'' → /tts/ and because Gothic ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|daddjan]]'' became ''dazund''; had degeminated /z/ arisen in the Post-Gothic period, extended Thurneysen's law would have devoiced the consonant to give ''*dasund''. There are no examples of ''z'' arising from the coronal palatalisation being affected by extended Thurneysen's law.

Voiceless plosives also geminated before the syllabic liquid consonants ''l'', ''n'', ''r'':

Voiceless plosives also geminated before the syllabic liquid consonants ''l'', ''m'', ''n'', ''r'':

*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aplaz#Proto-Germanic|*aplaz]]'' → ''appul''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌻𐍃#Gothic|sitls]]'' → ''sittil''

Line 541:

*Lat. ''[[wikt:tabla#Latin|tabla]]'' → ''tabul''<ref name="tabul">''tabul'' is no longer extant in Niemish, although the dual definite form ''Tabla'' is still used as a name for the game Backgammon.</ref>

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂#Gothic|fōdr]]'' → ''fudar''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃#Gothic|bagms]]'' → ''bachum''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂#Gothic|tagr]]'' → ''tagar''

*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/*wazrą#Proto-Germanic|*wazrą]]'' → Post-Got. ''wasr'' → ''waszar''

====Epenthesis====

A epenthetic vowel was inserted before syllabic consonants:

* ''i'' if the vowel in the previous syllable was ''i'' ''ē'' or ''ei'' in Gothic

**Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌻𐍃#Gothic|sitls]]'' → ''sittil''

Otherwise:

* ''u'' before syllabic ''m''

** Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃#Gothic|bagms]]'' → ''bachum''

* ''u'' before syllabic ''l'' when preceded by a labial or labialised consonant

**P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aplaz#Proto-Germanic|*aplaz]]'' → ''appul''

In all other cases, the epenthetic vowel was ''a'':

**Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂#Gothic|tagr]]'' → ''tagar''

====First umlaut (umlaut pattern 1. or i-umlaut)====

@@ Line 532: / Line 532: @@
 It is thought that ''dj'' initially became */ddz/ before /z/, both because it patterns with ''tj'' → /tts/ and because Gothic ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌳𐌳𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|daddjan]]'' became ''dazund''; had degeminated /z/ arisen in the Post-Gothic period, extended Thurneysen's law would have devoiced the consonant to give ''*dasund''. There are no examples of ''z'' arising from the coronal palatalisation being affected by extended Thurneysen's law.
-Voiceless plosives also geminated before the syllabic liquid consonants ''l'', ''n'', ''r'':
+Voiceless plosives also geminated before the syllabic liquid consonants ''l'', ''m'', ''n'', ''r'':
 *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aplaz#Proto-Germanic|*aplaz]]'' → ''appul''
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌻𐍃#Gothic|sitls]]'' → ''sittil''
@@ Line 541: / Line 541: @@
 *Lat. ''[[wikt:tabla#Latin|tabla]]'' → ''tabul''<ref name="tabul">''tabul'' is no longer extant in Niemish, although the dual definite form ''Tabla'' is still used as a name for the game Backgammon.</ref>
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍆𐍉𐌳𐍂#Gothic|fōdr]]'' → ''fudar''
+*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃#Gothic|bagms]]'' → ''bachum''
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂#Gothic|tagr]]'' → ''tagar''
 *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/*wazrą#Proto-Germanic|*wazrą]]'' → Post-Got. ''wasr'' → ''waszar''
+====Epenthesis====
+A epenthetic vowel was inserted before syllabic consonants:
+* ''i'' if the vowel in the previous syllable was ''i'' ''ē'' or ''ei'' in Gothic
+**Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐌹𐍄𐌻𐍃#Gothic|sitls]]'' → ''sittil''
+Otherwise:
+* ''u'' before syllabic ''m''
+** Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌰𐌲𐌼𐍃#Gothic|bagms]]'' → ''bachum''
+* ''u'' before syllabic ''l'' when preceded by a labial or labialised consonant
+**P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/aplaz#Proto-Germanic|*aplaz]]'' → ''appul''
+In all other cases, the epenthetic vowel was ''a'':
+**Got. ''[[wikt:𐍄𐌰𐌲𐍂#Gothic|tagr]]'' → ''tagar''
 ====First umlaut (umlaut pattern 1. or i-umlaut)====