Niemish: Difference between revisions
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====Vowels==== | ====Vowels==== | ||
Wulfilan Gothic had three (in some analyses five) short vowels and seven long vowels. The short vowels were maintained in Post-Gothic and the long vowels reduced to five; Wulfilan Gothic already showed signs of merging close-mid vowels with close ones: | Wulfilan Gothic had three (in some analyses five) short vowels and seven long vowels. The short vowels were maintained in Post-Gothic and the long vowels reduced to five; Wulfilan Gothic already showed signs of merging close-mid vowels with close ones: | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt: | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' /eː/ → Post-Got. ''meis'' /iː/ | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt: | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌼𐌰#Gothic|blōma]]'' /oː/ → Post-Got. ''blūma'' /uː/ | ||
This is attested in variant spellings such as ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|leikeis]]'' for ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|lēkeis]]''. In Post-Gothic this merger was complete. | This is attested in variant spellings such as ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|leikeis]]'' for ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|lēkeis]]''. In Post-Gothic this merger was complete. | ||
The most important sound change with respect to short vowels was loss of syllable-final ''h'' /h/ with compensatory lengthening: | The most important sound change with respect to short vowels was loss of syllable-final ''h'' /h/ with compensatory lengthening: | ||
*Got. '' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌰𐌷𐍄𐍃#Gothic|mahts]]'' /mahts/ → Post-Got. ''māts'' /maːts/ | ||
*Got. '' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍂𐌰𐌹𐌷𐍄𐍃#Gothic|ráihts]]'' /rɛhts/ → Post-Got. ''ráits'' /rɛːts/ | ||
*Got. '' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐌻𐌰𐌿𐌷𐍄𐍃#Gothic|sláuhts]]'' /slɔhts/ → Post-Got. ''sláuts'' /slɔːts/ | ||
This | This promoted ''ā'' /aː/ from a marginal phoneme to a common one. | ||
====Consonants==== | ====Consonants==== | ||
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#Spirants gained or lost voice in dissimilation with the consonant beginning the previous syllable. This occurred in ''all'' syllables, not only unstressed ones. | #Spirants gained or lost voice in dissimilation with the consonant beginning the previous syllable. This occurred in ''all'' syllables, not only unstressed ones. | ||
#The condition for the law depended only on the voicing of the consonant beginning the previous syllable, and the effect of consonant clusters beginning that previous syllable did not differ from simple consonants. | #The condition for the law depended only on the voicing of the consonant beginning the previous syllable, and the effect of consonant clusters beginning that previous syllable did not differ from simple consonants. | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌲𐌹𐌱𐌰#Gothic|giba]]'' → Post-Got. ''gifa'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌹𐌳𐌰#Gothic|bida]]'' → Post-Got. ''biþa'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼#Gothic|dagam]]'' → Post-Got. ''daχam'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌰𐌹𐌶𐌰#Gothic|máiza]]'' → Post-Got. ''máisa'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌹𐍆𐌽𐌰𐌽#Gothic|lifnan]]'' → Post-Got. ''libnan'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌻𐍉𐌸𐌹𐍃#Gothic|blōþis]]'' → Post-Got. ''blōdis'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌹𐌸𐌿𐍃#Gothic|qiþus]]'' → Post-Got. ''qidus'' | |||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌷𐌿𐍃#Gothic|hūs]]'' → Post-Got. ''hūz'' | |||
===Development of Niemish proper=== | ===Development of Niemish proper=== | ||
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*P-W-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/kirsijā#Proto-West_Germanic|*kirsijā]]'' → Post-Got. ''kaírsjū'' → ''kersza'' | *P-W-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/kirsijā#Proto-West_Germanic|*kirsijā]]'' → Post-Got. ''kaírsjū'' → ''kersza'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' → ''musz'' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' → ''musz'' | ||
* Got. ''mēs'' → Post-Got. ''meis'' → ''mysz'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → Post-Got. ''meis'' → ''mysz'' | ||
====Emergence of /ɨː/==== | ====Emergence of /ɨː/==== | ||