Niemish: Difference between revisions
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Wulfilan Gothic had three (in some analyses five) short vowels and seven long vowels. The short vowels were maintained in Post-Gothic and the long vowels reduced to five; Wulfilan Gothic already showed signs of merging close-mid vowels with close ones: | Wulfilan Gothic had three (in some analyses five) short vowels and seven long vowels. The short vowels were maintained in Post-Gothic and the long vowels reduced to five; Wulfilan Gothic already showed signs of merging close-mid vowels with close ones: | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' /eː/ → Post-Got. ''meis'' /iː/ | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' /eː/ → Post-Got. ''meis'' /iː/ | ||
*Got. | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|blōma]]'' /oː/ → Post-Got. ''blūma'' /uː/ | ||
This is attested in variant spellings such as ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|leikeis]]'' for ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|lēkeis]]''. In Post-Gothic this merger was complete. | This is attested in variant spellings such as ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|leikeis]]'' for ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|lēkeis]]''. In Post-Gothic this merger was complete. | ||
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====Development of nasal vowels==== | ====Development of nasal vowels==== | ||
Wherever a nasal consonant occurred word-finally or before a spirant in Post-Gothic, it disappeared in favour of nasalisation of the previous vowel. The length of the vowel was not affected. | Wherever a nasal consonant occurred word-finally or before a spirant in Post-Gothic, it disappeared in favour of nasalisation of the previous vowel. The length of the vowel was not affected. | ||
* | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼#Gothic|dagam]]'' → Post-Got. ''daχam'' → ''dachą'' | ||
* | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌿𐌽𐍃#Gothic|uns]]'' → ''ųs'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunstiz#Proto-Germanic|*kunstiz]]'' → ''kųst'' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunstiz#Proto-Germanic|*kunstiz]]'' → ''kųst'' | ||
*Lat. ''[[wikt:amphora#Latin|amphora]]'' → ''amfaúra'' → ''ąfor'' → ''ąchor'' | *Lat. ''[[wikt:amphora#Latin|amphora]]'' → Post-Got. ''amfaúra'' → ''ąfor'' → ''ąchor'' | ||
Nasals that formed the end of a root, as in ''[[wikt:𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃#Gothic|háims]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|aljan]]'' were either not lost or more likely restored by analogy with forms with inflectional endings; the Niemish descendants of these words are ''[[Contionary:ham|ham]]'' and ''[[Contionary:älin|älin]]''. | Nasals that formed the end of a root, as in ''[[wikt:𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃#Gothic|háims]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|aljan]]'' were either not lost or more likely restored by analogy with forms with inflectional endings; the Niemish descendants of these words are ''[[Contionary:ham|ham]]'' and ''[[Contionary:älin|älin]]''. | ||
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*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' → ''szwart'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' → ''szwart'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' → ''musz'' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' → ''musz'' | ||
*P-W-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/kirsijā#Proto-West_Germanic|*kirsijā]]'' → ''kaírsjū'' → ''kersza'' | *P-W-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/kirsijā#Proto-West_Germanic|*kirsijā]]'' → Post-Got. ''kaírsjū'' → ''kersza'' | ||
This sound change took place before the backing of /iː/ to /ɨː/, as indicated by the fact that ''mēs'' became ''mysz''. | This sound change took place before the backing of /iː/ to /ɨː/, as indicated by the fact that ''mēs'' became ''mysz''. | ||
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*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → ''meis'' → ''mysz'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → ''meis'' → ''mysz'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽#Gothic|wein]]'' → ''wyn'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽#Gothic|wein]]'' → ''wyn'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' → ''qeinū''<sup>1</sup> → ''qyna'' → ''kyna'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' → Post-Got. ''qeinū''<sup>1</sup> → ''qyna'' → ''kyna'' | ||