Niemish: Difference between revisions

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Niemish (''[[Contionary:Nimsk|Nimsk]]'') is an [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic language]] descended from [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]], the oldest [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic language]] with a sizeable text corpus. The name originated from [[w:Proto-Slavic_language|Proto-Slavic]] ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/němьcь|*němĭcĭ]]'', an exonym given by speakers of [[w:Slavic_languages|Slavic languages]] to Germanic speakers. Niemish has undergone extensive influence by Slavic languages and is a member of the [[w:Balkan_sprachbund|Balkan sprachbund]], having such features as suffixed definite articles and deriving the future tense from present subjunctive. There is also considerable influence from languages such as [[w:Turkish_language|Turkish]], [[w:Hungarian_language|Hungarian]], [[w:Greek_language|Greek]], [[w:Latin_language|Latin]] and [[w:Romance_languages|Romance languages]].

Niemish (''[[Contionary:Nimsk|Nimsk]]'') is an [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic language]] descended from Wulfilan [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]], the oldest [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic language]] with a sizeable text corpus. The name originated from [[w:Proto-Slavic_language|Proto-Slavic]] ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/němьcь|*němĭcĭ]]'', an exonym given by speakers of [[w:Slavic_languages|Slavic languages]] to Germanic speakers. Niemish has undergone extensive influence by Slavic languages and is a member of the [[w:Balkan_sprachbund|Balkan sprachbund]], having such features as suffixed definite articles and deriving the future tense from present subjunctive. There is also considerable influence from languages such as [[w:Turkish_language|Turkish]], [[w:Hungarian_language|Hungarian]], [[w:Greek_language|Greek]], [[w:Latin_language|Latin]] and [[w:Romance_languages|Romance languages]].

==Scripts==

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====Development of nasal vowels====

Wherever a nasal consonant occurred word-finally or before a spirant in Post-Gothic, it disappeared in favour of nasalisation of the previous vowel. The length of the vowel was not affected.

*Post-Got. ''~~dagam~~'' → ''~~dagą~~''

*Post-Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼#Gothic|daχam]]'' → ''dachą''

*Post-Got. ''[[wikt:𐌿𐌽𐍃#Gothic|uns]]'' → ''ųs''

*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunstiz#Proto-Germanic|*kunstiz]]'' → ''kųst''

*Lat. ''[[wikt:amphora#Latin|amphora]]'' → ''amfaúra'' → ''ąfor'' → ''ąchor''

Nasals that formed the end of a root, as in ''~~háim-s~~'' and ''aljan-'' were either not lost or more likely restored by analogy with forms with inflectional endings; the Niemish descendants of these words are ''ham'' and ''älin''.

Nasals that formed the end of a root, as in ''[[wikt:𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃#Gothic|háims]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|aljan]]'' were either not lost or more likely restored by analogy with forms with inflectional endings; the Niemish descendants of these words are ''[[Contionary:ham|ham]]'' and ''[[Contionary:älin|älin]]''.

====S-retraction====

Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish retracted ''s'' /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ before and after /r~~, w~~, uː~~, j~~, iː/:

Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish retracted ''s'' /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ before /w, j/ and after /r, uː, iː/:

*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barsaz#Proto-Germanic|*barsaz]]'' → ''barsz''

*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' → ''szwart''

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 }}
-Niemish (''[[Contionary:Nimsk|Nimsk]]'') is an [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic language]] descended from [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]], the oldest [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic language]] with a sizeable text corpus. The name originated from [[w:Proto-Slavic_language|Proto-Slavic]] ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/němьcь|*němĭcĭ]]'', an exonym given by speakers of [[w:Slavic_languages|Slavic languages]] to Germanic speakers. Niemish has undergone extensive influence by Slavic languages and is a member of the [[w:Balkan_sprachbund|Balkan sprachbund]], having such features as suffixed definite articles and deriving the future tense from present subjunctive. There is also considerable influence from languages such as [[w:Turkish_language|Turkish]], [[w:Hungarian_language|Hungarian]], [[w:Greek_language|Greek]], [[w:Latin_language|Latin]] and [[w:Romance_languages|Romance languages]].
+Niemish (''[[Contionary:Nimsk|Nimsk]]'') is an [[w:East_Germanic_languages|East Germanic language]] descended from Wulfilan [[w:Gothic_language|Gothic]], the oldest [[w:Germanic_languages|Germanic language]] with a sizeable text corpus. The name originated from [[w:Proto-Slavic_language|Proto-Slavic]] ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Slavic/němьcь|*němĭcĭ]]'', an exonym given by speakers of [[w:Slavic_languages|Slavic languages]] to Germanic speakers. Niemish has undergone extensive influence by Slavic languages and is a member of the [[w:Balkan_sprachbund|Balkan sprachbund]], having such features as suffixed definite articles and deriving the future tense from present subjunctive. There is also considerable influence from languages such as [[w:Turkish_language|Turkish]], [[w:Hungarian_language|Hungarian]], [[w:Greek_language|Greek]], [[w:Latin_language|Latin]] and [[w:Romance_languages|Romance languages]].
 ==Scripts==
@@ Line 162: / Line 162: @@
 ====Development of nasal vowels====
 Wherever a nasal consonant occurred word-finally or before a spirant in Post-Gothic, it disappeared in favour of nasalisation of the previous vowel. The length of the vowel was not affected.
-*Post-Got. ''dagam'' → ''dagą''
+*Post-Got. ''[[wikt:𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌰𐌼#Gothic|daχam]]'' → ''dachą''
+*Post-Got. ''[[wikt:𐌿𐌽𐍃#Gothic|uns]]'' → ''ųs''
+*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kunstiz#Proto-Germanic|*kunstiz]]'' → ''kųst''
+*Lat. ''[[wikt:amphora#Latin|amphora]]'' → ''amfaúra'' → ''ąfor'' → ''ąchor''
-Nasals that formed the end of a root, as in ''háim-s'' and ''aljan-'' were either not lost or more likely restored by analogy with forms with inflectional endings; the Niemish descendants of these words are ''ham'' and ''älin''.
+Nasals that formed the end of a root, as in ''[[wikt:𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌼𐍃#Gothic|háims]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌰𐌻𐌾𐌰𐌽#Gothic|aljan]]'' were either not lost or more likely restored by analogy with forms with inflectional endings; the Niemish descendants of these words are ''[[Contionary:ham|ham]]'' and ''[[Contionary:älin|älin]]''.
 ====S-retraction====
-Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish retracted ''s'' /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ before and after /r, w, uː, j, iː/:
+Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish retracted ''s'' /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ before /w, j/ and after /r, uː, iː/:
 *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barsaz#Proto-Germanic|*barsaz]]'' → ''barsz''
 *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' → ''szwart''