Niemish: Difference between revisions
Tardigrade (talk | contribs) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
Tardigrade (talk | contribs) Tags: Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
||
| Line 143: | Line 143: | ||
====Vowels==== | ====Vowels==== | ||
Wulfilan Gothic had three (in some analyses five) short vowels and seven long vowels. The short vowels were maintained in Post-Gothic and the long vowels reduced to five; Wulfilan Gothic already showed signs of merging close-mid vowels with close ones: | Wulfilan Gothic had three (in some analyses five) short vowels and seven long vowels. The short vowels were maintained in Post-Gothic and the long vowels reduced to five; Wulfilan Gothic already showed signs of merging close-mid vowels with close ones: | ||
*Got. ''ē'' /eː/ | *Got. ''ē'' /eː/ → Post-Got. ''ei'' /iː/ | ||
*Got. ''ō'' /oː/ | *Got. ''ō'' /oː/ → Post-Got. ''ū'' /uː/ | ||
This is attested in variant spellings such as ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|leikeis]]'' for ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|lēkeis]]''. In Post-Gothic this merger was complete. | This is attested in variant spellings such as ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌹𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|leikeis]]'' for ''[[wikt:𐌻𐌴𐌺𐌴𐌹𐍃#Gothic|lēkeis]]''. In Post-Gothic this merger was complete. | ||
The most important sound change with respect to short vowels was loss of syllable-final ''h'' /h/ with compensatory lengthening: | The most important sound change with respect to short vowels was loss of syllable-final ''h'' /h/ with compensatory lengthening: | ||
*Got. ''ah'' /ah/ | *Got. ''ah'' /ah/ → Post-Got. ''ā'' /aː/ | ||
*Got. ''aíh'' /ɛh/ | *Got. ''aíh'' /ɛh/ → Post-Got. ''ái'' /ɛː/ | ||
*Got. ''aúh'' /ɔh/ | *Got. ''aúh'' /ɔh/ → Post-Got. ''áu'' /ɔː/ | ||
This raised ''ā'' /aː/ from a marginal phoneme to a common one. | This raised ''ā'' /aː/ from a marginal phoneme to a common one. | ||
| Line 163: | Line 163: | ||
====Ruki==== | ====Ruki==== | ||
Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish retracted ''s'' /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ before and after /r, w, uː, j, iː/: | Much like Slavic and Indo-Iranian languages (and to an extent High German), Niemish retracted ''s'' /s/ to ''sz'' /ʃ/ before and after /r, w, uː, j, iː/: | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barsaz#Proto-Germanic|*barsaz]]'' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/barsaz#Proto-Germanic|*barsaz]]'' → ''barsz'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍃𐍅𐌰𐍂𐍄𐍃#Gothic|swarts]]'' → ''szwart'' | ||
*P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' | *P-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mūs#Proto-Germanic|*mūs]]'' → ''musz'' | ||
*P-W-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/kirsijā#Proto-West_Germanic|*kirsijā]]'' | *P-W-Gmc. ''[[wikt:Reconstruction:Proto-West_Germanic/kirsijā#Proto-West_Germanic|*kirsijā]]'' → ''kaírsjū'' → ''kersza'' | ||
This sound change took place before the backing of /iː/ to /ɨː/, as indicated by the fact that ''mēs'' became ''mysz''. | This sound change took place before the backing of /iː/ to /ɨː/, as indicated by the fact that ''mēs'' became ''mysz''. | ||
| Line 172: | Line 172: | ||
The long /iː/ (from Gothic ''ei'' and ''ē'') became ''y'' /ɨː/ when preceded by a labial or labialised consonant (/p, b, m, f, w, kʷ, gʷ/) and not followed by a front vowel in the next syllable. Labialised velars were subsequently delabialised: | The long /iː/ (from Gothic ''ei'' and ''ē'') became ''y'' /ɨː/ when preceded by a labial or labialised consonant (/p, b, m, f, w, kʷ, gʷ/) and not followed by a front vowel in the next syllable. Labialised velars were subsequently delabialised: | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄#Gothic|beist]]'' > ''byst'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌱𐌴𐌹𐍃𐍄#Gothic|beist]]'' > ''byst'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌼𐌴𐍃#Gothic|mēs]]'' → ''meis'' → ''mysz'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽#Gothic|wein]]'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐍅𐌴𐌹𐌽#Gothic|wein]]'' → ''wyn'' | ||
*Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' | *Got. ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' → ''qeinū''<sup>1</sup> > ''qyna'' → ''kyna'' | ||
#At some point ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉#Gothic|qinō]]'' merged into one word. | #At some point ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌴𐌽𐍃#Gothic|qēns]]'' and ''[[wikt:𐌵𐌹𐌽𐍉#Gothic|qinō]]'' merged into one word. | ||