Verse:Mwail/Old Gloob: Difference between revisions

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Themsaran is poor in true modal and auxiliary verbs; "adverbial" and "adjectival" modal constructions are more common. Deontic modalities tend to be expressed adjectivally, while situational and epistemic modalities tend to have adverbial expressions. All modal expressions come before the (negation-) lexical verb (e.g. ''Jêr méŧar ħlomaréch thyrfāmâst!'' "How dare you betray my brothers!", note that the verb is in the preterite).

====Modal adjectives====

*''~~lāmérse~~'': "it is sufficient to..."

*''lāmérsa'': "it is sufficient to..."

*''~~ıalúne~~'': "advisable".

*''ıalúna'': "advisable".

*''~~re̋dáme~~'': "necessary", used to express need to do something.

*''ēdámmeta'': "necessary", used to express need to do something.

*''~~thirvúre~~'': "charged/required/compulsory"; moral obligation, "ought to".

*''thirvúra'': "charged/required/compulsory"; moral obligation, "ought to".

*''~~tírēné~~'': "permitted", used to express permissibility.

*''tēnméta'': "permitted", used to express permissibility.

====Modal adverbs====

*''~~ídâ~~'': "ably", used to express ability to do something.

*''ídā́'': "ably", used to express ability to do something.

*''~~mőŧēr~~'': equivalent of "dare".

*''mṓŧēr'': equivalent of "dare".

*''łámīl'': "possibly", used to express epistemic possibility.

*''tóssēr'': "seemingly".

*''~~arzên~~'': "certainly", used to express speaker's certainty (English epistemic "must").

*''arzḗn'': "certainly", used to express speaker's certainty (English epistemic "must").

*''spádīl'' "in truth", "indeed".

*''teizēr'': "successfully".

====Modal verbs====

"To want" is ''~~srétî~~''. It is used (chiefly with an intransitive verb) in the infinitive, always with a subject possessor (''~~Srétȉ mispasén~~ d'insé'' "I want to travel in a city", lit. "I want my traveling in a city"), or with transitive verbs in the supine (definite direct objects are marked).

"To want" is ''srétī́''. It is used (chiefly with an intransitive verb) in the infinitive, always with a subject possessor (''Srétī mindasén d'insé'' "I want to travel in a city", lit. "I want my traveling in a city"), or with transitive verbs in the supine (definite direct objects are marked).

===Periphrastic causatives===

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 Themsaran is poor in true modal and auxiliary verbs; "adverbial" and "adjectival" modal constructions are more common. Deontic modalities tend to be expressed adjectivally, while situational and epistemic modalities tend to have adverbial expressions. All modal expressions come before the (negation-) lexical verb (e.g. ''Jêr méŧar ħlomaréch thyrfāmâst!'' "How dare you betray my brothers!", note that the verb is in the preterite).
 ====Modal adjectives====
-*''lāmérse'': "it is sufficient to..."
+*''lāmérsa'': "it is sufficient to..."
-*''ıalúne'': "advisable".
+*''ıalúna'': "advisable".
-*''re̋dáme'': "necessary", used to express need to do something.
+*''ēdámmeta'': "necessary", used to express need to do something.
-*''thirvúre'': "charged/required/compulsory"; moral obligation, "ought to".
+*''thirvúra'': "charged/required/compulsory"; moral obligation, "ought to".
-*''tírēné'': "permitted", used to express permissibility.
+*''tēnméta'': "permitted", used to express permissibility.
 ====Modal adverbs====
-*''ídâ'': "ably", used to express ability to do something.
+*''ídā́'': "ably", used to express ability to do something.
-*''mőŧēr'': equivalent of "dare".
+*''mṓŧēr'': equivalent of "dare".
 *''łámīl'': "possibly", used to express epistemic possibility.
 *''tóssēr'': "seemingly".
-*''arzên'': "certainly", used to express speaker's certainty (English epistemic "must").
+*''arzḗn'': "certainly", used to express speaker's certainty (English epistemic "must").
 *''spádīl'' "in truth", "indeed".
 *''teizēr'': "successfully".
 ====Modal verbs====
-"To want" is ''srétî''. It is used (chiefly with an intransitive verb) in the infinitive, always with a subject possessor (''Srétȉ mispasén d'insé'' "I want to travel in a city", lit. "I want my traveling in a city"), or with transitive verbs in the supine (definite direct objects are marked).
+"To want" is ''srétī́''. It is used (chiefly with an intransitive verb) in the infinitive, always with a subject possessor (''Srétī mindasén d'insé'' "I want to travel in a city", lit. "I want my traveling in a city"), or with transitive verbs in the supine (definite direct objects are marked).
 ===Periphrastic causatives===