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===Standard Federation (North American)===
===Standard Federation (North American)===
====Overview====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style=""
|-
! colspan="5" | Vowels
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Feature  !!style="width: 250px;" | Standard Federation !! style="width: 250px;" | Welvington
|-
! KIT
| ɪ~ɪ̈ || ɪ
|-
! DRESS
| ɛ || ɛ
|-
! TRAP
| a || æ; eə (before /m n/ in a closed syllable)
|-
! BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP)
| a || eə
|-
! LOT
| ɔ~ɒ || ɑ
|-
! STRUT
| ɜ̟~ɐ || ʌ~ɤ
|-
! FOOT
| ʊ̈~ɘ || ʊ
|-
! FLEECE
| iː || ɪj; iʝ (reinforced)
|-
! FACE
| eɪ || ɛɪ; ɪj (reinforced)
|-
! PRICE
| ɑɪ || ɑɪ, ʌɪ (reinforced)
|-
! CHOICE
| oɪ || oɪ, ʊɪ (reinforced)
|-
! MOUTH
| æʊ~æʏ || ä~a, æʊ (when not before a consonant)
|-
! GOAT
| əʏ~ʌʏ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ] || ɛʊ~əʊ, oʊ before [ɫ]
|-
! GOOSE
| üw,  uː before [ɫ] || üw,  uː before [ɫ]
|-
! PALM
| ɑː || ä(ɹ)~a(ɹ)
|-
! THOUGHT
| ɔː~ɒː || oə(ɹ)
|-
! NEAR
| ɪɚ || iə(ɹ)
|-
! SQUARE
| ɛɚ || eə(ɹ)
|-
! NURSE
| ɚː || əː(ɹ)~ɜː(ɹ)
|-
! START
| ɑɚ || ä(ɹ)~a(ɹ)
|-
! NORTH
| oɚ || oə(ɹ)
|-
! FORCE
| oɚ || oə(ɹ)
|-
! POOR
| uɚ || oə(ɹ)
|-
! CURE
| juɚ~jɚː || jəː(ɹ)~jɜː(ɹ)~joə(ɹ)
|-
! commA
| ə || ə(ɹ)
|-
! lettER
| ɚ || ə(ɹ)
|-
! happY
| iː~ɪj || i
|-
! colspan="5" | Other phenomena
|-
! style="width: 100px;" | Feature !! style="width: 250px;" | Standard Federation !! style="width: 250px;" | Welvington
|-
! Rhoticity
| Fully rhotic || Nonrhotic with intrusive R
|-
! Dark L
| Only when non-prevocalic; vocalized L is [w] || Always; vocalized L is a uvular approximant
|-
! /θ ð/
| [θ ð] || Often [t̪ d̪]
|-
! Aspiration of voiceless stops and t/d-tapping
| As in AmE || As in AmE
|-
! Reinforcement
| No "reinforcement" of any kind || Philly-reinforcement before voiceless consonants
|}
A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Philadelphia + Modern RP/Estuary.
A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Philadelphia + Modern RP/Estuary.


Revision as of 00:15, 10 May 2020

English in the AETHER timeline is an Indo-European language and has pretty much the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but is a Riphic language, not a Germanic one. It is native to our Germany and Poland area, not the British Isles.

Etymologies

  • leitmotif: an opera which used a leitmotif for a character named Lait or Light? (it was an operatic version of Death Note)
  • karma: a non-Earth Indo-Aryan language
  • mana: from an IA word for 'mind'
  • Parmesan: unknown. A folk etymology derives it from a Cubrite woman's name (Parm Ezan?).
  • German linguistic terminology: invented by Edna? The standard terms are:
    • affection not umlaut
    • apophony not ablaut
    • linguistic area not sprachbund
    • lexical aspect not aktionsart
    • case stacking not suffixaufnahme
    • place of origin not urheimat

Accents

Welvington

The city name is pronounced "Wungton" [wʌŋʔn̩] by locals; it's nicknamed the "Womb of the Nation [Federation]"

Philly + Boston; should inspire Shalaian and Netagin. Should be RP in ways that the Standard accent is not

  • The most well-known feature of the broad Welvington accent is the MOUTH-START merger to /aː~æː/.
  • -ing becomes -in'; th-stopping to [t̪] and [d̪]
  • (Ph) Philly L (pharyngealized nasalized uvular approximant)
  • (~Ph, ~RP) Philly-style reinforcement before voiceless consonants; i.e. generalized Canadain-raising-esque effects
    • When the consonant is voiceless, the nucleus is shortened consonant is lengthened: face [fɪjsˑ]
    • Otherwise this does not happen: fame [fɛˑɪm]
  • (B, RP) non-rhotic
  • (Ph, B, RP) Few or no mergers before prevocalic /r/
  • (Ph, ~B, ~RP) Philly short-A system; lax A = [æ], tense A = [eə~ɛə]
  • (Ph, RP) GOAT = [əʊ]; GOOSE = [üw]ː
  • (~Ph, ~RP) LOT = [ɑ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = POOR = [oə~ɔə]
  • (B, ~RP) START = [ä]
  • SQUARE (= tense A) = [eə~ɛə]
  • NEAR = [iə~ɪə]
  • NURSE = [ə:]
  • wine-whine merger (optional in Standard)
  • A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Standard English
  • hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
  • orange [ɑɹɪndʒ]
  • mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
  • /iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
  • /θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].

Standard Federation (North American)

A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Philadelphia + Modern RP/Estuary.

Intonation is mostly American + my own weird intonation

Vowels
  • orange = [oːɹəndʒ]
  • Mary-merry-marry merger
  • Mirror-nearer merger
  • Hurry-furry merger
  • No mergers before /l/
  • No trap-bath split
Consonants
  • L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
    • wholly-holy split.
  • No glottal reinforcement before stops.
  • /p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
  • /d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
  • wine-whine merger optional.
  • /r/ may be [ʋ] between vowels.

European

Standard European: Irish + Aus + NZ?

horse = [hɔɹs], hoarse = [hœɹs~hɜɹs]

Much more dialectal diversity in Switzerland and Bavaria (like in our German; they are sometimes considered separate languages)

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