User:IlL/Spare pages 1/53

English in the AETHER timeline is an Indo-European language and has pretty much the same vocabulary and grammar as our English, but is a Riphic language, not a Germanic one. It is native to our Germany and Poland area, not the British Isles.

Etymologies

• leitmotif: an opera which used a leitmotif for a character named Lait or Light? (it was an operatic version of Death Note)
• karma: a non-Earth Indo-Aryan language
• mana: from IA *manas
• Parmesan: unknown. A folk etymology derives it from a Cubrite woman's name (Parm Eshan?).
• German linguistic terminology: invented by Edna? The standard terms are:
  • affection not umlaut
  • apophony not ablaut
  • linguistic area not sprachbund
  • lexical aspect not aktionsart
  • case stacking not suffixaufnahme
  • place of origin not urheimat

Accents

Brotherton

Philly + Boston; should inspire Shalaian and Netagin. Should be RP in ways that the Standard accent is not

• (Ph) Philly L
• (~Ph, ~RP) Philly-style reinforcement on preconsonantal vowels, but specifically before voiceless consonants; i.e. generalized Canadain-raising-esque effects
• (B, RP) non-rhotic
• (Ph, B, RP) Few or no mergers before prevocalic /r/
• (Ph, B, ~RP) Philly short-A system; lax A = [æ], tense A = [eə~ɛə]
• (Ph, RP) GOAT = [əʊ]; GOOSE = [üw]
• (Ph, ~RP) LOT = [ɑ], THOUGHT = NORTH = FORCE = POOR = [oə~ɔə]
• (B, ~RP) START = [ä]
• SQUARE (= tense A) = [eə~ɛə]
• NEAR = [iə~ɪə]
• NURSE = [ə:]
• /aɪ/, /aʊ/, /eɪ/, /oɪ/ = [aɪ], [aʊ], [eɪ], [oɪ]
• wine-whine merger (optional in Standard)

A-Standard

Partly stolen from Lõis

Overview

Vowels
Feature	Standard	Brotherton
KIT	ɪ~ɪ̈
DRESS	ɛ
TRAP	a
BATH (the BATH lexical set is same as RP)	aː~æː
LOT	ɔ~ɒ
STRUT	ɜ̟~ɐ
FOOT	ʊ̈~ɘ
FLEECE	ɪj~iː
FACE	ɛɪ
PRICE	ɑɪ
CHOICE	oɪ
MOUTH	æʊ	aʊ
GOAT	ə̟ʊ~əʊ~əʏ~ʌʏ, ɔʊ~ɒʊ before [ɫ]
GOOSE	üw, uː before [ɫ]
PALM	ɑː
THOUGHT	ɔː~ɒː
NEAR	ɪɚ~ɪə
SQUARE	ɛɚ~ɛə
NURSE	ɚː~əː
START	ɑɚ~ɑː
NORTH	oɚ~oə
FORCE	oɚ~oə
POOR	uɚ~uə
CURE	juɚ~jɚː~juə~jəː
commA	ə
lettER	ɚ~ə
happY	iː~ɪj
Other phenomena
Feature	L-Standard	Brotherton
Rhoticity	Freely varies	Nonrhotic with intrusive R
Dark L	Only when non-prevocalic	Always, often vocalizing
/θ ð/	[θ ð]	Often [t̪ d̪]
Aspiration of voiceless stops and t/d-tapping	As in BrE but no glottal reinforcement	As in AmE

Western accent

This is the "Western English" accent. When Hebrew is read in this accent, it sounds like Israeli Hebrew with an American accent. It still has some non-Sephardi features, e.g. tsere = FACE = [eɪ] is distinct from segol = DRESS = [ɛ].

The intonation is stereotypical American/Valley Girl.

L-Philadelphian

This accent is spoken in both the city of Alaşehir in Turkey (or as locals call it, "Flulfia"), and in Philadelphia, PA (called "New Philadelphia"). It's a non-rhotic version of our Philly accent; r-intrusion is used, as in our New York accent.

• /l/ is always dark [ɫ] and often vocalizes to a uvularized, pharyngealized or nasalized [ɰ].
• A 3-way distinction of Mary [meəɹi], merry [mɛɹi~mɤɹi], marry [mæɹi], unlike Standard English
• hurry [hɤɹi], furry [fəːɹi]
• orange [ɒɹɪndʒ]
• mirror [mɪɹə(ɹ)] != nearer [niəɹə(ɹ)]
• /iːg/ > /ɪg/, /eɪg/ > /ɛg/ in many words
• /θ ð/ are commonly [t̪ d̪].
• Philadelphian A-tensing system reminiscent of trap-bath split

A characteristic feature is reinforcement for certain vowels or diphthongs before consonants, which changes the pronunciation of the vowel:

• The nucleus is shortened.
• When the consonant is voiced, the offglide is lengthened: fame [fɪiːm]
• When the consonant is voiceless, the consonant is lengthened: face [fɪjsː]

L-Standard English

Often called the "Newton accent". Also a standard for English Hebrew.

A kind of "Transatlantic accent", inspired by Californian + Philadelphia + Modern RP/Estuary.

Intonation is mostly American + my own weird intonation (my intonation basically)

Vowels

• orange = [oːɹəndʒ]
• Mary-merry-marry merger
• Mirror-nearer merger
• Hurry-furry merger
• No mergers before /l/
• No trap-bath split

Consonants

• L is light [l] before vowels and dark [ɫ] otherwise, as in RP.
  • wholly-holy split.
• No glottal reinforcement before stops.
• /p t k/ are unaspirated after stressed syllables as in AmE.
• /d t/ has a tapped [ɾ] allophone in similar environments as in American English.
• wine-whine merger optional.
• /r/ may be [ʋ] between vowels.

Eastern accent

"Poylish" accent?