Verse:Tdūrzů/Knench/Ancient: Difference between revisions
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The definite article was ''ʔaC-'' (from Biblical Hebrew ''*haC-''). It caused gemination of the following consonant; if the following consonant was a guttural and thus could not geminate, it was lengthened to ''ʔā-''. | The definite article was ''ʔaC-'' (from Biblical Hebrew ''*haC-''). It caused gemination of the following consonant; if the following consonant was a guttural and thus could not geminate, it was lengthened to ''ʔā-''. | ||
The Biblical feminine singular ending ''*-ā́'' became unstressed ''- | The Biblical feminine singular ending ''*-ā́'' became unstressed ''-ā'', and the stress in feminine singular nouns in ''-ā'' shifted to penultimate (by analogy with masculine singular adjectives and 3fs perfect verbs). Other possible feminine endings are ''-t'', ''-θ'' or ''-δ''. Eventually stress shifted away from gender/number suffixes across the board: The regular masculine and feminine plural endings were unstressed ''-īm'' and unstressed ''-ōδ'', from Biblical Hebrew ''*-ī́m'' and ''*-ṓt''. | ||
The ending ''-a'' is more common than in Jewish Hebrew; sometimes ''-a'' is found where Standard Jewish Hebrew has ''-t''. | The ending ''-a'' is more common than in Jewish Hebrew; sometimes ''-a'' is found where Standard Jewish Hebrew has ''-t''. | ||
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The construct state was not entirely predictable but not as "hard" as Tiberian Hebrew. Feminine singular nouns in ''-a'' had a construct state in ''-aδ''. | The construct state was not entirely predictable but not as "hard" as Tiberian Hebrew. Feminine singular nouns in ''-a'' had a construct state in ''-aδ''. | ||
Example with '' | Example with ''sūs'' 'horse' and ''sūsā'' 'female horse': | ||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | {| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | ||
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|- | |- | ||
! indef. | ! indef. | ||
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎 '' | | 𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''sūs'' <br/> /suːs/ | ||
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤀 '' | | 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤀 ''sūsā'' <br/> /ˈsuːsaː/ | ||
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉𐤌 '' | | 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉𐤌 ''sūsīm'' <br/> /ˈsuːsim/ | ||
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕 '' | | 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕 ''sūsōδ'' <br/> /ˈsuːsoːð/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! def. | ! def. | ||
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''ʔas- | | 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''ʔas-sūs'' <br/> /ʔassuːs/ | ||
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤀 ''ʔas- | | 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤀 ''ʔas-sūsā'' <br/> /ʔasˈsuːsaː/ | ||
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉𐤌 ''ʔas- | | 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉𐤌 ''ʔas-sūsīm'' <br/> /ʔasˈsuːsiːm/ | ||
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕 ''ʔas- | | 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕 ''ʔas-sūsōδ'' <br/> /ʔasˈsuːsoːð/ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! const. | ! const. | ||
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎 '' | | 𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''sūs'' <br/> /suːs/ | ||
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤕 '' | | 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤕 ''sūsaδ'' <br/> /ˈsusað/ | ||
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉 '' | | 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉 ''sūsē'' <br/> /ˈsuːseː/ | ||
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕 '' | | 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕 ''sūsōδ'' <br/> /ˈsuːsoːð/ | ||
|} | |} | ||
Possessive suffixes were as follows: | Possessive suffixes were as follows: | ||
*1sg: '' | *1sg: ''sūs'''ī''''' "my horse", pl. ''sus'''ây''''' "my horses" | ||
*2sg.m: '' | *2sg.m: ''sūs'''aγ''''', pl. ''sūs'''eγa''''' | ||
*2sg.f: '' | *2sg.f: ''sūs'''eγ''''', pl. ''sūs'''eγe''''' | ||
*3sg.m: '' | *3sg.m: ''sūs'''ō''''', pl. ''sūs'''ayo''''' | ||
*3sg.f: '' | *3sg.f: ''sūs'''â''''', pl. ''sūs'''ayâ''''' | ||
*1pl: '' | *1pl: ''sūs'''anu''''', pl. ''sūs'''aynu''''' | ||
*2pl.m: '' | *2pl.m: ''sūs'''aγem''''', pl. ''sūs'''ayγem''''' (-n instead of -m for feminine) | ||
*3pl.m: '' | *3pl.m: ''sūs'''ām''''', pl. ''sūs'''êm''''' (-n instead of -m for feminine) | ||
===Adjectives=== | ===Adjectives=== | ||
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Todo: new Druidic Hebrew mishkalim | Todo: new Druidic Hebrew mishkalim | ||
*masculine segolates: CaCəC, CiCəC, CuCəC | *masculine segolates: CaCəC, CiCəC, CuCəC | ||
*feminine segolates: | *feminine segolates: CaCCā, CiCCā, CuCCā | ||
* | *CaCaCā | ||
* | *CaCuCā (''kadúlā'' 'magnificence', ''zarúħa'' 'radiance') | ||
==Sample texts== | ==Sample texts== | ||
==Lexicon== | ==Lexicon== | ||
===ʔ=== | ===ʔ=== | ||
*'' | *''ʔilô'' (pl. ''ʔilṓʔīm'') = an animistic spirit, like a Japanese ''kami'' | ||
*'' | *''ʔəšérā'' = tree as a spiritual object | ||
===z=== | ===z=== | ||
*'' | *''zadā'' = crack | ||
===n=== | ===n=== | ||
*n-ᴛ-f | *n-ᴛ-f | ||
**'' | **''níᴛfā'' = spiritual intuition or inspiration (from a root meaning 'dropping, prophecy' in BH) | ||
===ȝ=== | ===ȝ=== | ||
*'' | *''ȝarábā'' = willow | ||
===r=== | ===r=== | ||
*'' | *''rammṓn'' = pomegranate | ||
===š=== | ===š=== | ||
===ś=== | ===ś=== | ||
[[Category:Semitic languages]] | [[Category:Semitic languages]] | ||