Verse:Tdūrzů/Knench/Ancient: Difference between revisions

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The definite article was ''ʔaC-'' (from Biblical Hebrew ''*haC-''). It caused gemination of the following consonant; if the following consonant was a guttural and thus could not geminate, it was lengthened to ''ʔā-''.
The definite article was ''ʔaC-'' (from Biblical Hebrew ''*haC-''). It caused gemination of the following consonant; if the following consonant was a guttural and thus could not geminate, it was lengthened to ''ʔā-''.


The Biblical feminine singular ending ''*-ā́'' became unstressed ''-a'', and the stress in feminine singular nouns in ''-a'' shifted to penultimate (by analogy with masculine singular adjectives and 3fs perfect verbs). Other possible feminine endings are ''-t'', ''-θ'' or ''-δ''. Eventually stress shifted away from gender/number suffixes across the board: The regular masculine and feminine plural endings were unstressed ''-im'' and unstressed ''-'', from Biblical Hebrew ''*-ī́m'' and ''*-ṓt''.  
The Biblical feminine singular ending ''*-ā́'' became unstressed ''-ā'', and the stress in feminine singular nouns in ''-ā'' shifted to penultimate (by analogy with masculine singular adjectives and 3fs perfect verbs). Other possible feminine endings are ''-t'', ''-θ'' or ''-δ''. Eventually stress shifted away from gender/number suffixes across the board: The regular masculine and feminine plural endings were unstressed ''-īm'' and unstressed ''-ōδ'', from Biblical Hebrew ''*-ī́m'' and ''*-ṓt''.  


The ending ''-a'' is more common than in Jewish Hebrew; sometimes ''-a'' is found where Standard Jewish Hebrew has ''-t''.
The ending ''-a'' is more common than in Jewish Hebrew; sometimes ''-a'' is found where Standard Jewish Hebrew has ''-t''.
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The construct state was not entirely predictable but not as "hard" as Tiberian Hebrew. Feminine singular nouns in ''-a'' had a construct state in ''-aδ''.
The construct state was not entirely predictable but not as "hard" as Tiberian Hebrew. Feminine singular nouns in ''-a'' had a construct state in ''-aδ''.


Example with ''sus'' 'horse' and ''susa'' 'female horse':
Example with ''sūs'' 'horse' and ''sūsā'' 'female horse':


{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"  
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;"  
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|-
|-
! indef.
! indef.
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''sus'' <br/> /sus/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''sūs'' <br/> /suːs/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤀 ''susa'' <br/> /ˈsusa/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤀 ''sūsā'' <br/> /ˈsuːsaː/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉𐤌‎ ''susim'' <br/> /ˈsusim/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉𐤌‎ ''sūsīm'' <br/> /ˈsuːsim/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕‎‎ ''susoδ''  <br/> /ˈsusoð/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕‎‎ ''sūsōδ''  <br/> /ˈsuːsoːð/
|-
|-
! def.
! def.
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''ʔas-sus'' <br/> /ʔassus/
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''ʔas-sūs'' <br/> /ʔassuːs/
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤀 ''ʔas-susa'' <br/> /ʔasˈsusa/
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤀 ''ʔas-sūsā'' <br/> /ʔasˈsuːsaː/
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉𐤌‎ ''ʔas-susim'' <br/> /ʔasˈsusim/
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉𐤌‎ ''ʔas-sūsīm'' <br/> /ʔasˈsuːsiːm/
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕‎‎ ''ʔas-susoδ''  <br/> /ʔasˈsusoð/
| 𐤄𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕‎‎ ''ʔas-sūsōδ''  <br/> /ʔasˈsuːsoːð/
|-
|-
! const.
! const.
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''sus'' <br/> /sus/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎 ''sūs'' <br/> /suːs/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤕 ''susaδ'' <br/> /ˈsusað/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤕 ''sūsaδ'' <br/> /ˈsusað/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉‎ ''suse'' <br/> /ˈsuse/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤉‎ ''sūsē'' <br/> /ˈsuːseː/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕‎‎ ''susoδ''  <br/> /ˈsusoð/
| 𐤎𐤅𐤎𐤅𐤕‎‎ ''sūsōδ''  <br/> /ˈsuːsoːð/
|}
|}


Possessive suffixes were as follows:
Possessive suffixes were as follows:
*1sg: ''sus'''i''''' "my horse", pl. ''sus'''āy''''' "my horses"
*1sg: ''sūs'''ī''''' "my horse", pl. ''sus'''ây''''' "my horses"
*2sg.m: ''sus'''aγ''''', pl. ''sus'''eγa'''''
*2sg.m: ''sūs'''aγ''''', pl. ''sūs'''eγa'''''
*2sg.f: ''sus'''eγ''''', pl. ''sus'''eγe'''''
*2sg.f: ''sūs'''eγ''''', pl. ''sūs'''eγe'''''
*3sg.m: ''sus'''o''''', pl. ''sus'''ayo'''''
*3sg.m: ''sūs'''ō''''', pl. ''sūs'''ayo'''''
*3sg.f: ''sus'''ā''''', pl. ''sus'''ayā'''''
*3sg.f: ''sūs'''â''''', pl. ''sūs'''ayâ'''''
*1pl: ''sus'''anu''''', pl. ''sus'''aynu'''''
*1pl: ''sūs'''anu''''', pl. ''sūs'''aynu'''''
*2pl.m: ''sus'''aγem''''', pl. ''sus'''ayγem''''' (-n instead of -m for feminine)
*2pl.m: ''sūs'''aγem''''', pl. ''sūs'''ayγem''''' (-n instead of -m for feminine)
*3pl.m: ''sus'''am''''', pl. ''sus'''ēm''''' (-n instead of -m for feminine)
*3pl.m: ''sūs'''ām''''', pl. ''sūs'''êm''''' (-n instead of -m for feminine)


===Adjectives===
===Adjectives===
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Todo: new Druidic Hebrew mishkalim
Todo: new Druidic Hebrew mishkalim
*masculine segolates: CaCəC, CiCəC, CuCəC
*masculine segolates: CaCəC, CiCəC, CuCəC
*feminine segolates: CaCCa, CiCCa, CuCCa
*feminine segolates: CaCCā, CiCCā, CuCCā
*CaCaCa
*CaCaCā
*CaCuCa (''kadúla'' 'magnificence', ''zarúħa'' 'radiance')
*CaCuCā (''kadúlā'' 'magnificence', ''zarúħa'' 'radiance')


==Sample texts==
==Sample texts==
==Lexicon==
==Lexicon==
===ʔ===
===ʔ===
*''ʔilṓ'' (pl. ''ʔilóʔim'') = an animistic spirit, like a Japanese ''kami''
*''ʔilô'' (pl. ''ʔilṓʔīm'') = an animistic spirit, like a Japanese ''kami''
*''ʔəšéra'' = tree as a spiritual object
*''ʔəšérā'' = tree as a spiritual object
===z===
===z===
*''zada'' = crack
*''zadā'' = crack
===n===
===n===
*n-ᴛ-f
*n-ᴛ-f
**''níᴛfa'' = spiritual intuition or inspiration (from a root meaning 'dropping, prophecy' in BH)
**''níᴛfā'' = spiritual intuition or inspiration (from a root meaning 'dropping, prophecy' in BH)
===ȝ===
===ȝ===
*''ȝarába'' = willow
*''ȝarábā'' = willow
===r===
===r===
*''rimmón'' = pomegranate
*''rammṓn'' = pomegranate


===š===
===š===
===ś===
===ś===
[[Category:Semitic languages]]
[[Category:Semitic languages]]