Azalic: Difference between revisions

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the 2sg and 3sg distal pronouns are number neutral so they don't need *swe

*Nonpast(the source of the English present): e-grade or otherwise the unmarked form of the verb

*Imperative (source of English imperative and subjunctive): non-past without any endings

*Nonpast (the source of the English present): e-grade or otherwise the unmarked form of the verb

*Past: PIE reduplicated perfect or root aorist

*Irrealis (source of the English ~~subjunctive, including the~~ subjunctive ''were''): sigmatic future~~. It was not a true finite verb form so it didn't take ''-swe''~~.

*Irrealis (source of the English subjunctive ''were''): sigmatic future.

*Stative (the source of the English past): a tenseless form like the Akkadian stative. Originally a deverbal noun; formed with the o-grade (deriving nouns in PIE) for strongs, -d from -tús for weaks, -(i) from -ih2 for semistrongs. It was not a true finite verb form so it didn't take ''-swe''.

*Active participle: -ənt

**''-ənt-qhe'' became the present progressive ''-ing'' in English.

*Passive participle (source of English past participle): zero-grade with -n from -nós, or -d from -tós

{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"

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! style="width: 100px;" | Semi-strong: ''choldh'' 'grasp'

|-

! Nonpast~~/Imperative~~

! Imperative

| ''luṗə'' || ''bhendh'' || ''choldh''

|-

! Nonpast

| ''luṗə(-se)'' || ''bhendh(-se)'' || ''choldh(-se)''

|-

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|-

! Irrealis

| ''luṗəṡə, luṗəh'' || ''bhendhəṡə, bhendhəh'' || ''choldhəṡə, choldhəh''

| ''luṗəṡə(-se), luṗəh(-se)'' || ''bhendhəṡə(-se), bhendhəh(-se)'' || ''choldhəṡə(-se), choldhəh(-se)''

|-

! Stative

@@ Line 146: / Line 146: @@
 the 2sg and 3sg distal pronouns are number neutral so they don't need *swe
-*Nonpast(the source of the English present): e-grade or otherwise the unmarked form of the verb
+*Imperative (source of English imperative and subjunctive): non-past without any endings
+*Nonpast (the source of the English present): e-grade or otherwise the unmarked form of the verb
 *Past: PIE reduplicated perfect or root aorist
-*Irrealis (source of the English subjunctive, including the subjunctive ''were''): sigmatic future. It was not a true finite verb form so it didn't take ''-swe''.
+*Irrealis (source of the English subjunctive ''were''): sigmatic future.
 *Stative (the source of the English past): a tenseless form like the Akkadian stative. Originally a deverbal noun; formed with the o-grade (deriving nouns in PIE) for strongs, -d from -tús for weaks, -(i) from -ih2 for semistrongs. It was not a true finite verb form so it didn't take ''-swe''.
 *Active participle: -ənt
 **''-ənt-qhe'' became the present progressive ''-ing'' in English.
 *Passive participle (source of English past participle): zero-grade with -n from -nós, or -d from -tós
 {| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style=" text-align: center;"
@@ Line 163: / Line 163: @@
 !  style="width: 100px;" | Semi-strong: ''choldh'' 'grasp'
 |-
-! Nonpast/Imperative
+! Imperative
+| ''luṗə'' || ''bhendh'' || ''choldh''
+|-
+! Nonpast
 | ''luṗə(-se)'' || ''bhendh(-se)'' || ''choldh(-se)''
 |-
@@ Line 170: / Line 173: @@
 |-
 ! Irrealis
-| ''luṗəṡə, luṗəh'' || ''bhendhəṡə, bhendhəh'' || ''choldhəṡə, choldhəh''
+| ''luṗəṡə(-se), luṗəh(-se)'' || ''bhendhəṡə(-se), bhendhəh(-se)'' || ''choldhəṡə(-se), choldhəh(-se)''
 |-
 ! Stative