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 ====Strong verbs====
-Strong verbs form their past tense by vowel change (ablaut). There are seven classes of strong verbs, depending on how the stem changes in the past tense and past participle. The past participle is formed with the ending ''-(e)n''.
+Strong verbs form their past tense and past participle by vowel change (ablaut). There are seven classes of strong verbs, depending on how the stem changes.
+{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
+|+ Stem vowels of strong verbs by class
+|-
+! rowspan="2" | Class !! rowspan="2" | Subclass !! rowspan="2" | Present || colspan="2"| Past || rowspan="2" | Past participle
+|-
+! Singular !! Plural/subj.
+|-
+! rowspan="2" | 1 !! regular
+| -ei-/-i(ä)-<sup><small>1</small></sup> || -ä- || -i(ä)- || -i(ä)-
+|-
+! u-stem
+| -ey- || -eu- || -y- || -y-
+|-
+! 2 !! regular
+| -y-/-ou-/-u(å)- || -å- || -u(å)- || -u(å)-
+|-
+! 3 !! regular
+| -i(ä)- || -a- || -u(å)- || -u(å)-
+|-
+! 4 !! regular
+| -i(ä)- || -a- || -e- || -u(å)-
+|-
+! rowspan="2" | 5 !! regular
+| -i(ä)- || -a- || -e- || -i(ä)-
+|-
+! u-stem
+| -y- || -å- || -eu- || -y-
+|-
+! 6 !! regular
+| -a- || colspan="2" | -o- || -a-
+|-
+! 7 !! regular
+| (varies) || colspan="2" | -ä-<sup><small>2</small></sup> || (same as present)
+|}
+'''Notes:'''
+<sup><small>1</small></sup> In strong verbs, ''-i-'' and ''-u-'' are consistently replaced with ''-ä-'' and ''-å-'' respectively whenever they occur before ''h'', ''r'', or ''hv''.
+<sup><small>2</small></sup> Class 7 strong verbs have reduplication in the past tense. The exact formation of the past tense depends on the verb, but it usually involves a repetition of the initial consonant before the final consonant - e.g. ''sleasp-'' "slept" (past of ''slepen''), ''gräget/grêat'' "wept" (past of ''greten'').
 <!-- =====Class I strong verbs=====
 =====Class II strong verbs=====