Gothedish: Difference between revisions

Line 208:

! Latin (Lateinske) !! IPA !! Dialectal variants !! Perso-Arabic (Arabske) !! Old Gothic (Aldgutske) !! New Gothic (Neygutske) !! !! Examples

|-

| A a || ʌ, ~~ɑ(ː)~~1 || – || <big>ــَـ ، ــَا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰 || A a, Ā ā || || h'''a'''nd /h'''ʌ'''nt/ "hand", '''a'''pel /'''ɑː'''pl̩/ "apple"

| A a || ɐ, aː1 || – || <big>ــَـ ، ــَا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰 || A a, Ā ā || || h'''a'''nd /h'''ɐ'''nt/ "hand", '''a'''pel /'''aː'''pl̩/ "apple"

|-

| Á á; Â â || ~~ɑ(ː)~~1 || – || <big> ــَا</big> || Ā ā; Â â || || h'''á'''bde /h'''ɑ'''bdə/, h'''â'''de /h'''ɑː'''də/ "had"

| Á á; Â â || ɑː1 || – || <big> ــَا</big> || Ā ā; Â â || || h'''á'''bde /h'''aː'''bdə/, h'''â'''de /h'''aː'''də/ "had"

|-

| Ä ä || æ, ~~ɛ(ː)~~1 || ɛ, ~~e(ː)~~ || <big>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌹 || Ai ai, Āi āi || || '''ä'''rþe /'''æ'''rθə/ "earth", '''ä'''n /'''ɛ'''n/ "one"

| Ä ä || æ, ɛː1 || ɛ, eː || <big>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌹 || Ai ai, Āi āi || || '''ä'''rþe /'''æ'''rθə/ "earth", '''ä'''n /'''ɛː'''n/ "one"

|-

| Ea ea; Êa êa || ~~ɛ(ː)~~1 || ~~e(ː)~~ || <big> ــٰا</big> || Āi āi; Âi âi || || '''êa'''n /'''ɛ'''n/ "property"

| Ea ea; Êa êa || ɛː1 || eː || <big> ــٰا</big> || Āi āi; Âi âi || || '''êa'''n /'''ɛː'''n/ "property"

|-

| Å å || ɒ, ~~ɔ(ː)~~1 || ɔ, ~~o(ː)~~ || <big>ــٛـ ، ــٛا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌿 || An an, Ān ān || || '''å'''ster /'''ɒ'''str̩/ "east", h'''å'''bed /h'''ɔː'''bəθ/ "head"

| Å å || ɒ, ɔː1 || ɔ, oː || <big>ــٛـ ، ــٛا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌿 || An an, Ān ān || || '''å'''ster /'''ɒ'''str̩/ "east", h'''å'''bed /h'''ɔː'''bəθ/ "head"

|-

| Oa oa; Ôa ôa || ~~ɔ(ː)~~1 || ~~o(ː)~~ || <big> ــٛا</big> || Ān ān; Ân ân || || h'''ôa'''d /h'''ɔː'''θ/ "head"

| Oa oa; Ôa ôa || ɔː1 || oː || <big> ــٛا</big> || Ān ān; Ân ân || || h'''ôa'''d /h'''ɔː'''θ/ "head"

|-

| B b || b, NN-f, N-p2 || NN-v-V || <big>ب ، ف </big> || 𐌱 || B b || || '''b'''arn /'''b'''~~ʌrn~~/ "child", hlä'''b''' /ɬɛ'''f'''/ "bread", lam'''b''' /~~lʌm~~'''p'''/ "sheep"

| B b || b, NN-f, N-p2 || NN-v-V || <big>ب ، ف </big> || 𐌱 || B b || || '''b'''arn /'''b'''ɐrn/ "child", hlä'''b''' /ɬɛː'''f'''/ "bread", lam'''b''' /lɐm'''p'''/ "sheep"

|-

| Bj bj || d͡ʒ, NN-ʃ, N-t͡ʃ2 || ʒ || <big>ج ، ش </big> || 𐌱𐌾 || Bg bg || || þår'''bj'''e /θɒr'''d͡ʒ'''ə/ "I/he/she/it need (pres. subj.)"

|-

| C c3 || k, t͡s || – || – || – || – || || '''c'''al'''c'''ien /ˈ'''k'''ʌl'''t͡s'''in/ "calcium"

| C c3 || k, t͡s || – || – || – || – || || '''c'''al'''c'''ien /ˈ'''k'''ɐl'''t͡s'''in/ "calcium"

|-

| Ch ch || x || – || <big>خ </big> || 𐍇 || X x || || du'''ch'''an /dʊˈ'''x'''ɑn/ "smoke"

| Ch ch || x || – || <big>خ </big> || 𐍇 || X x || || du'''ch'''an /dʊˈ'''x'''aːn/ "smoke"

|-

| D d || d, V-θ, C-t2 || V-ð-V || <big>د ، ث </big> || 𐌳 || D d || || '''d'''al /'''d'''ɑl/ "valley", go'''d''' /go'''θ'''/ "good", hun'''d''' /hʊn'''t'''/ "dog"

| D d || d, V-θ, C-t2 || V-ð-V || <big>د ، ث </big> || 𐌳 || D d || || '''d'''al /'''d'''ɑl/ "valley", go'''d''' /goː'''θ'''/ "good", hun'''d''' /hʊn'''t'''/ "dog"

|-

| Dj dj || z, V-s, C-t͡s2 || d͡ʒ, V-ʃ, C-t͡ʃ; ʒ, V-ʃ, C-t͡ʃ; d͡z || <big>ز، س </big> || 𐌳𐌾 || Dg dg || ||

|-

| rowspan="2"| E e || ɛ, ~~e(ː)~~ 1 || jɛ, ~~je(ː)~~|| <big>ــٖـ ، ــٖی</big> ||𐌴 || E e, Ē ē || ||

| rowspan="2"| E e || ɛ, eː 1 || jɛ, jeː|| <big>ــٖـ ، ــٖی</big> ||𐌴 || E e, Ē ē || ||

|-

| ə4 || – || <big> ــَـ ، ــِـ</big> ||𐌰 || Ă ă || ||

|-

| É é; Ê ê || ~~e(ː)~~1 || ~~je(ː)~~ || <big> ــٖی</big> ||𐌴 || Ē ē; Ê ê || ||

| É é; Ê ê || eː1 || jeː || <big> ــٖی</big> ||𐌴 || Ē ē; Ê ê || ||

|-

| Ei ei || ɛɪ̯ || aɪ̯; əɪ̯; iː || <big> ــَی</big> || 𐌴𐌹 || Ei ei || ||

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| Hr hr || r̥, -ːr(-) || ʂ; xr; χ; -r̥- || <big> هر ، ر</big> || 𐌷𐍂 || Һp hp || ||

|-

| Hv hv || f || V-v-V; ʍ; xʷ, -x; xf; kf || <big> ف</big> || 𐍈 || Θ ɵ || ||

| Hv hv || f || V-v-V; ʍ; ɸ; xʷ, -x; xf; kf || <big> ف</big> || 𐍈 || Θ ɵ || ||

|-

| I i || ɪ, ~~i(ː)~~1 || – || <big>ــِـ ، ــِی</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌹 || I i, Ī ī || ||

| I i || ɪ, iː1 || – || <big>ــِـ ، ــِی</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌹 || I i, Ī ī || ||

|-

| Í í; Î î || ~~i(ː)~~1 || – || <big> ــِی</big> || Ī ī; Î î || ||

| Í í; Î î || iː1 || – || <big> ــِی</big> || Ī ī; Î î || ||

|-

| Ie ie || ~~i(ː)~~1 || iə̯ || <big> ــِی</big> || 𐌹𐌰 || Iă iă || ||

| Ie ie || iː1 || iə̯ || <big> ــِی</big> || 𐌹𐌰 || Iă iă || ||

|-

| J j || j || – || <big> ی</big> || 𐌾 || G g || ||

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| Nj nj || ɲ || – || <big> ݧ</big> || 𐌽𐌾 || Ng ng || ||

|-

| O o || ɔ, ~~o(ː)~~ || wɔ, ~~wo(ː)~~ || <big>ــࣷـ ، ــࣷو</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉 || Ω w; Ω̄ w̄ || ||

| O o || ɔ, oː || wɔ, woː || <big>ــࣷـ ، ــࣷو</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉 || Ω w; Ω̄ w̄ || ||

|-

| Ó ó; Ô ô || ~~o(ː)~~ || ~~wo(ː)~~ || <big>ــࣷو</big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ || ||

| Ó ó; Ô ô || oː || woː || <big>ــࣷو</big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ || ||

|-

| Ö ö || œ, ~~ø(ː)~~ || ɥœ, ~~ɥø(ː)~~ || <big>ــࣹـ ، ــࣹا</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i || ||

| Ö ö || œ, øː || ɥœ, ɥøː || <big>ــࣹـ ، ــࣹا</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i || ||

|-

| Eo eo; Êo êo || ~~ø(ː)~~ || ~~ɥø(ː)~~ || <big>ــࣹو </big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi || ||

| Eo eo; Êo êo || øː || ɥøː || <big>ــࣹو </big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi || ||

|-

| Oi oi || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ː || <big> ــࣷی</big> || 𐌰𐌿𐌹 || Ani ani || ||

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| Þj þj || s || – || <big> س</big> || 𐌸𐌾 || Ψg фg || ||

|-

| U u || ʊ, ~~u(ː)~~1 || – || <big>ــُـ ، ــُو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌿 || Ո n, Ո̄ n̄ || ||

| U u || ʊ, uː1 || – || <big>ــُـ ، ــُو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌿 || Ո n, Ո̄ n̄ || ||

|-

| Ú ú; Û û || ~~u(ː)~~1 || – || <big> ــُو</big> || Ո̄ n̄; Ո̂ n̂ || ||

| Ú ú; Û û || uː1 || – || <big> ــُو</big> || Ո̄ n̄; Ո̂ n̂ || ||

|-

| Ue ue || ~~u(ː)~~1 || uə̯ || <big> ــُو</big> || 𐌿𐌰 || Ոă nă || ||

| Ue ue || uː1 || uə̯ || <big> ــُو</big> || 𐌿𐌰 || Ոă nă || ||

|-

| V v3 || v || - || <big> ڤ</big> || 𐌱 || B b || ||

|-

| W w || w || v || <big> و</big> || 𐍅 || Y y || ||

| W w || w || v; β || <big> و</big> || 𐍅 || Y y || ||

|-

| Y y || ʏ, ~~y(ː)~~1 || ɪ, ~~i(ː)~~1 || <big>ــࣺـ ، ــࣺو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌹𐌿 || In in, Īn īn || ||

| Y y || ʏ, yː1 || ɪ, iː1 || <big>ــࣺـ ، ــࣺو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌹𐌿 || In in, Īn īn || ||

|-

| Ý ‎‎ý; Ŷ ŷ || ~~y(ː)~~1 || ~~i(ː)~~1 || <big> ــࣺو</big> || Īn īn; În în || ||

| Ý ‎‎ý; Ŷ ŷ || yː1 || iː1 || <big> ــࣺو</big> || Īn īn; În în || ||

|-

| Ye ye || ~~y(ː)~~1 || yə̯; iə̯ || <big> ــࣺو</big> || 𐌹𐌿𐌰 || Ină ină || ||

| Ye ye || yː1 || yə̯; iə̯ || <big> ــࣺو</big> || 𐌹𐌿𐌰 || Ină ină || ||

|-

| Z z || z || - || <big>ز</big> || 𐍃 || Z z || ||

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|}

1 Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. The circumflexed long forms are used when a letter (usually "b" or "g") has been dropped. Compound words and loanwords ~~often~~ do not conform to these rules. Note that ~~distinction between~~ long ~~and short~~ vowels ~~is more of a difference~~ in ~~quality rather than duration, with "long" vowels generally being lengthened in stressed, open~~ syllables ~~and shortened otherwise~~.

1 Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. The circumflexed long forms are used when a letter (usually "b" or "g") has been dropped. Compound words and loanwords do not always conform to these rules. Note that long vowels may be somewhat shortened in closed and/or unstressed syllables.

2 V = vowel; C = consonant; N = nasal consonant; NN = non-nasal consonant; FV = front vowel; VS = voiced sound

@@ Line 208: / Line 208: @@
 ! Latin (Lateinske) !! IPA !! Dialectal variants   !! Perso-Arabic (Arabske)  !! Old Gothic (Aldgutske) !! New Gothic (Neygutske) !!   !! Examples
 |-
-|  A a || ʌ, ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big>ــَـ ، ــَا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰 || A a, Ā ā ||  ||  <i>h'''a'''nd</i> /h'''ʌ'''nt/ "hand", <i>'''a'''pel</i> /'''ɑː'''pl̩/ "apple"
+|  A a || ɐ, aː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big>ــَـ ، ــَا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰 || A a, Ā ā ||  ||  <i>h'''a'''nd</i> /h'''ɐ'''nt/ "hand", <i>'''a'''pel</i> /'''aː'''pl̩/ "apple"
 |-
-|  Á á; Â â || ɑ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big> ــَا</big> || Ā ā; Â â ||  || <i>h'''á'''bde</i> /h'''ɑ'''bdə/, <i>h'''â'''de</i> /h'''ɑː'''də/ "had"
+|  Á á; Â â || ɑː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big> ــَا</big> || Ā ā; Â â ||  || <i>h'''á'''bde</i> /h'''aː'''bdə/, <i>h'''â'''de</i> /h'''aː'''də/ "had"
 |-
-|  Ä ä || æ, ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɛ, e(ː) ||  <big>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌹 || Ai ai, Āi āi ||  || <i>'''ä'''rþe</i> /'''æ'''rθə/ "earth", <i>'''ä'''n</i> /'''ɛ'''n/ "one"
+|  Ä ä || æ, ɛː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɛ, eː ||  <big>ــٰـ ، ــٰا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌹 || Ai ai, Āi āi ||  || <i>'''ä'''rþe</i> /'''æ'''rθə/ "earth", <i>'''ä'''n</i> /'''ɛː'''n/ "one"
 |-
-|  Ea ea; Êa êa || ɛ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || e(ː) || <big> ــٰا</big> || Āi āi; Âi âi ||  || <i>'''êa'''n</i> /'''ɛ'''n/ "property"
+|  Ea ea; Êa êa || ɛː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || eː || <big> ــٰا</big> || Āi āi; Âi âi ||  || <i>'''êa'''n</i> /'''ɛː'''n/ "property"
 |-
-|  Å å || ɒ, ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɔ, o(ː) || <big>ــٛـ ، ــٛا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌿 || An an, Ān ān ||  || <i>'''å'''ster</i> /'''ɒ'''str̩/ "east", <i>h'''å'''bed</i> /h'''ɔː'''bəθ/ "head"
+|  Å å || ɒ, ɔː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɔ, oː || <big>ــٛـ ، ــٛا</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌰𐌿 || An an, Ān ān ||  || <i>'''å'''ster</i> /'''ɒ'''str̩/ "east", <i>h'''å'''bed</i> /h'''ɔː'''bəθ/ "head"
 |-
-|  Oa oa; Ôa ôa || ɔ(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || o(ː)  || <big> ــٛا</big> || Ān ān; Ân ân || || <i>h'''ôa'''d</i> /h'''ɔː'''θ/ "head"
+|  Oa oa; Ôa ôa || ɔː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || oː  || <big> ــٛا</big> || Ān ān; Ân ân || || <i>h'''ôa'''d</i> /h'''ɔː'''θ/ "head"
 |-
-|  B b || b, <small>NN</small>-f, <small>N</small>-p<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>NN</small>-v-<small>V</small> || <big>ب ، ف </big> || 𐌱 || B b || || <i>'''b'''arn</i> /'''b'''ʌrn/ "child", <i>hlä'''b'''</i> /ɬɛ'''f'''/ "bread", <i>lam'''b'''</i> /lʌm'''p'''/ "sheep"
+|  B b || b, <small>NN</small>-f, <small>N</small>-p<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>NN</small>-v-<small>V</small> || <big>ب ، ف </big> || 𐌱 || B b || || <i>'''b'''arn</i> /'''b'''ɐrn/ "child", <i>hlä'''b'''</i> /ɬɛː'''f'''/ "bread", <i>lam'''b'''</i> /lɐm'''p'''/ "sheep"
 |-
 |  Bj bj || d͡ʒ, <small>NN</small>-ʃ, <small>N</small>-t͡ʃ<small><sup>2</sup></small> || ʒ || <big>ج ، ش </big> || 𐌱𐌾 || Bg bg || || <i>þår'''bj'''e</i> /θɒr'''d͡ʒ'''ə/ "I/he/she/it need (pres. subj.)"
 |-
-|  C c<small><sup>3</sup></small> || k, t͡s || – || – || – || – || || <i>'''c'''al'''c'''ien</i> /ˈ'''k'''ʌl'''t͡s'''in/ "calcium"
+|  C c<small><sup>3</sup></small> || k, t͡s || – || – || – || – || || <i>'''c'''al'''c'''ien</i> /ˈ'''k'''ɐl'''t͡s'''in/ "calcium"
 |-
-|  Ch ch || x || – || <big>خ </big> || 𐍇 || X x || || <i>du'''ch'''an</i> /dʊˈ'''x'''ɑn/ "smoke"
+|  Ch ch || x || – || <big>خ </big> || 𐍇 || X x || || <i>du'''ch'''an</i> /dʊˈ'''x'''aːn/ "smoke"
 |-
-|  D d || d, <small>V</small>-θ, <small>C</small>-t<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>V</small>-ð-<small>V</small> || <big>د ، ث </big> || 𐌳 || D d || || <i>'''d'''al</i> /'''d'''ɑl/ "valley", <i>go'''d'''</i> /go'''θ'''/ "good", <i>hun'''d'''</i> /hʊn'''t'''/ "dog"
+|  D d || d, <small>V</small>-θ, <small>C</small>-t<small><sup>2</sup></small> || <small>V</small>-ð-<small>V</small> || <big>د ، ث </big> || 𐌳 || D d || || <i>'''d'''al</i> /'''d'''ɑl/ "valley", <i>go'''d'''</i> /goː'''θ'''/ "good", <i>hun'''d'''</i> /hʊn'''t'''/ "dog"
 |-
 |  Dj dj || z, <small>V</small>-s, <small>C</small>-t͡s<small><sup>2</sup></small> || d͡ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ;<br /> ʒ, <small>V</small>-ʃ, <small>C</small>-t͡ʃ; d͡z  || <big>ز، س </big> || 𐌳𐌾 || Dg dg ||  ||
 |-
-|  rowspan="2"| E e || ɛ, e(ː) <small><sup>1</sup></small> ||  jɛ, je(ː)|| <big>ــٖـ ، ــٖی</big> ||𐌴 || E e, Ē ē ||  ||
+|  rowspan="2"| E e || ɛ, eː <small><sup>1</sup></small> ||  jɛ, jeː|| <big>ــٖـ ، ــٖی</big> ||𐌴 || E e, Ē ē ||  ||
 |-
 |  ə<sup>4</sup> || –  || <big> ــَـ ، ــِـ</big> ||𐌰 || Ă ă ||  ||
 |-
-|  É é; Ê ê || e(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || je(ː) || <big> ــٖی</big> ||𐌴  || Ē ē; Ê ê ||  ||
+|  É é; Ê ê || eː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || jeː || <big> ــٖی</big> ||𐌴  || Ē ē; Ê ê ||  ||
 |-
 |  Ei ei || ɛɪ̯ || aɪ̯; əɪ̯; iː || <big> ــَی</big> || 𐌴𐌹 || Ei ei ||  ||
@@ Line 266: / Line 266: @@
 |  Hr hr || r̥, -ːr(-) || ʂ; xr; χ; -r̥- || <big> هر ، ر</big> || 𐌷𐍂 || Һp hp ||  ||
 |-
-|  Hv hv || f || <small>V</small>-v-<small>V</small>; ʍ; xʷ, -x; xf; kf || <big> ف</big> || 𐍈 || Θ ɵ ||  ||
+|  Hv hv || f || <small>V</small>-v-<small>V</small>; ʍ; ɸ; xʷ, -x; xf; kf || <big> ف</big> || 𐍈 || Θ ɵ ||  ||
 |-
-|  I i || ɪ, i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big>ــِـ ، ــِی</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌹 || I i, Ī ī ||  ||
+|  I i || ɪ, iː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big>ــِـ ، ــِی</big> || rowspan="2"|𐌹 || I i, Ī ī ||  ||
 |-
-|  Í í; Î î || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big> ــِی</big> || Ī ī; Î î ||  ||
+|  Í í; Î î || iː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big> ــِی</big> || Ī ī; Î î ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ie ie || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || iə̯ ||  <big> ــِی</big> || 𐌹𐌰 ||  Iă iă ||  ||
+|  Ie ie || iː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || iə̯ ||  <big> ــِی</big> || 𐌹𐌰 ||  Iă iă ||  ||
 |-
 |  J j || j || – || <big> ی</big> || 𐌾 || G g ||  ||
@@ Line 296: / Line 296: @@
 |  Nj nj || ɲ || – || <big> ݧ</big> || 𐌽𐌾 || Ng ng ||  ||
 |-
-| O o || ɔ, o(ː) || wɔ, wo(ː) || <big>ــࣷـ ، ــࣷو</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉 || Ω w; Ω̄ w̄ ||  ||
+| O o || ɔ, oː || wɔ, woː || <big>ــࣷـ ، ــࣷو</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉 || Ω w; Ω̄ w̄ ||  ||
 |-
-| Ó ó; Ô ô || o(ː) || wo(ː) || <big>ــࣷو</big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ ||  ||
+| Ó ó; Ô ô || oː || woː || <big>ــࣷو</big> || Ω̄ w̄; Ω̂ ŵ ||  ||
 |-
-| Ö ö || œ, ø(ː) || ɥœ, ɥø(ː) || <big>ــࣹـ ، ــࣹا</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i ||  ||
+| Ö ö || œ, øː || ɥœ, ɥøː || <big>ــࣹـ ، ــࣹا</big> || rowspan="2" | 𐍉𐌹 || Ωi wi; Ω̄i w̄i ||  ||
 |-
-| Eo eo; Êo êo || ø(ː) || ɥø(ː) || <big>ــࣹو </big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi ||  ||
+| Eo eo; Êo êo || øː || ɥøː || <big>ــࣹو </big> || Ω̄i w̄i; Ω̂i ŵi ||  ||
 |-
 |  Oi oi || œʏ̯ || ɔɪ̯; aʏ̯; əʏ̯; œɪ̯ː || <big> ــࣷی</big> || 𐌰𐌿𐌹 || Ani ani ||  ||
@@ Line 337: / Line 337: @@
 |  Þj þj || s || – || <big> س</big> || 𐌸𐌾 || Ψg фg ||  ||
 |-
-|  U u || ʊ, u(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big>ــُـ ، ــُو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌿 || Ո n, Ո̄ n̄ ||  ||
+|  U u || ʊ, uː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – || <big>ــُـ ، ــُو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌿 || Ո n, Ո̄ n̄ ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ú ú; Û û || u(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big> ــُو</big> || Ո̄ n̄; Ո̂  n̂ ||  ||
+|  Ú ú; Û û || uː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || – ||  <big> ــُو</big> || Ո̄ n̄; Ո̂  n̂ ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ue ue || u(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || uə̯ ||  <big> ــُو</big> || 𐌿𐌰 || Ոă nă ||  ||
+|  Ue ue || uː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || uə̯ ||  <big> ــُو</big> || 𐌿𐌰 || Ոă nă ||  ||
 |-
 |  V v<small><sup>3</sup></small> || v || - || <big> ڤ</big> || 𐌱 || B b ||  ||
 |-
-|  W w || w || v || <big> و</big> || 𐍅 || Y y ||  ||
+|  W w || w || v; β || <big> و</big> || 𐍅 || Y y ||  ||
 |-
-|  Y y || ʏ, y(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɪ, i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small>  || <big>ــࣺـ ، ــࣺو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌹𐌿 || In in, Īn īn ||  ||
+|  Y y || ʏ, yː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || ɪ, iː<small><sup>1</sup></small>  || <big>ــࣺـ ، ــࣺو</big> || rowspan="2"| 𐌹𐌿 || In in, Īn īn ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ý ‎‎ý; Ŷ ŷ || y(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || i(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small>  ||  <big> ــࣺو</big> || Īn īn; În în ||  ||
+|  Ý ‎‎ý; Ŷ ŷ || yː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || iː<small><sup>1</sup></small>  ||  <big> ــࣺو</big> || Īn īn; În în ||  ||
 |-
-|  Ye ye || y(ː)<small><sup>1</sup></small> || yə̯; iə̯ ||  <big> ــࣺو</big> || 𐌹𐌿𐌰 || Ină ină ||  ||
+|  Ye ye || yː<small><sup>1</sup></small> || yə̯; iə̯ ||  <big> ــࣺو</big> || 𐌹𐌿𐌰 || Ină ină ||  ||
 |-
 | Z z || z || - || <big>ز</big> || 𐍃 || Z z ||  ||
@@ Line 359: / Line 359: @@
 |}
-<small><sup>1</sup></small> Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. The circumflexed long forms are used when a letter (usually "b" or "g") has been dropped. Compound words and loanwords often do not conform to these rules. Note that distinction between long and short vowels is more of a difference in quality rather than duration, with "long" vowels generally being lengthened in stressed, open syllables and shortened otherwise.
+<small><sup>1</sup></small> Unmarked vowels are lengthened by default in “unchecked" syllables (i.e. stressed and followed by no more than one consonant) and are shortened otherwise. Short unchecked vowels are indicated by doubling the following consonant, and long checked vowels are indicated with special long forms. The circumflexed long forms are used when a letter (usually "b" or "g") has been dropped. Compound words and loanwords do not always conform to these rules. Note that long vowels may be somewhat shortened in closed and/or unstressed syllables.
 <small><sup>2</sup></small> <small>V</small> = vowel; <small>C</small> = consonant; <small>N</small> = nasal consonant; <small>NN</small> = non-nasal consonant; <small>FV</small> = front vowel; <small>VS</small> = voiced sound