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Atlantic/Older version: Difference between revisions

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===Verbs===
===Verbs===
====Active and stative conjugations====
Atlantic, uniquely among Romance languages, developed a split-S alignment from the Latin active and passive voices; more properly, the third conjugation passive (infinitive ''-ī'') was generalized to all passives and many intransitive verbs as a further conjugation (also including many formerly deponent verbs); thus, there are many verbal doublets such as ''capsòi'' (1st conjugation, to get) and ''capsii'' (5th conjugation, to be got), taking different "subject" markers (the ''-ii'' conjugation uses the accusative forms of pronouns) and with a completely different conjugation.
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
|+Example 1st conjugation verb: ''capsòi'' "to get"
|+Example 1st conjugation verb: ''capsòi'' "to get"
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| capsant || capsouant || fuirunt capsontet/-ot || capserunt || sunt capsadurot
| capsant || capsouant || fuirunt capsontet/-ot || capserunt || sunt capsadurot
|-
|-
! Participles
! Active participles
| capsont || colspan=3 | – || capsadùr
| capsont || colspan=3 | – || capsadùr
|-
! Passive participles
| colspan=2 | || colspan=2 | capsaid || capsind
|}
|}
{| class="wikitable"
<!-- {| class="wikitable"
|+Example 2nd conjugation verb: ''murièi'' "to take, to milk"
|+Example 2nd conjugation verb: ''murièi'' "to take, to milk"
|-
|-
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! Participles
! Participles
| murient || colspan=3 | – || mursùr
| murient || colspan=3 | – || mursùr
|}
|}-->
{| class="wikitable"
|+Example 5th conjugation verb: ''capsii'' "to be got"
|-
! Person !! Present !! Past !! Future
|-
! 1SG
| capsiur || fui capsaid(a) || su capsind(a)
|-
! 2SG
| capsirit || fuist capsaid(a) || es capsind(a)
|-
! 3SG
| capsidur || fuit capsaid(a) || ist capsind(a)
|-
! 1PL
| capsimur || fuim capsaidot || sum capsindot
|-
! 2PL
| capsimin || fuiç capsaidot || sest capsindot
|-
! 3PL
| capsiuntur || fuirunt capsaidot || sunt capsindot
|-
! Participles
| – || capsaid || capsind
|}


====To be====
====To be====
As common among Romance languages, "to be" is irregular in Atlantic. Like in Iberian Romance, some forms were taken from the conjugation of <small>SEDEŌ</small> "to sit" (with a new, stative verb *<small>SEDITOR</small> being developed for that meaning); however, there is only one copulative verb, without the general Iberian distinction between essence and state: ''siuèi'' /ʃiˈwei̯/ is used for both. However, there are two forms of the future: the one with the ''sisùr'' participle (< <small>SESSV̄RVM</small>) is used when the meaning is "to be in a place", while the ''fudùr'' (< <small>FVTV̄RVM</small>) is used in all other cases, cf.:
As common among Romance languages, "to be" is irregular in Atlantic. Like in Iberian Romance, some forms were taken from the conjugation of <small>SEDEŌ</small> "to sit" (with a new, stative verb *<small>SEDITŌ</small> being developed for that meaning); however, there is only one copulative verb, without the general Iberian distinction between essence and state: ''siuèi'' /ʃiˈwei̯/ is used for both. However, there are two forms of the future: the one with the ''sisùr'' participle (< <small>SESSV̄RVM</small>) is used when the meaning is "to be in a place", while the ''fudùr'' (< <small>FVTV̄RVM</small>) is used in all other cases, cf.:
: ''sambad i giumiga su sisùr imb Urumbi.'' "On Saturday and Sunday I'll be in Volubilis."
: ''sambad i giumiga su sisùr imb Urumbi.'' "On Saturday and Sunday I'll be in Volubilis."
: ''su fudùr auna istei!'' "I will be a star!"
: ''su fudùr auna istei!'' "I will be a star!"
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