Lahob languages: Difference between revisions
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====Vowels==== | ====Vowels==== | ||
Proto-Lahob's vowel inventory, on the other hand, is fairly simple, with five pairs of long and short vowels - /a aː e eː o oː i iː u uː/ - plus the two vowels /ɨ ə/. The non-high vowels could also form diphthongs with /ɨ̯ ɪ̯ ʊ̯/, while /i iː/ only could with /ʊ̯/ and /u uː/ only with /ɪ̯/. Diphthongs centered on schwa, once controversial among Lahob linguists, have now become accepted by most linguists because of *əj being so far the only reasonable explanation for palatalized consonants in Chlouvānem - as with e.g. *nodəjn-ə- "to hit, strike" > ''nadьn-'' "to trip into, to hit" - much like the *əjV sequence explains the distinction between CʲV and CjV (as with *ʕiŋjō > ''liliā'' "my, mine" (*CjV > CʲV) and *ērəjo > ''yarya'' "beer" (*CəjV > CjV)). | Proto-Lahob's vowel inventory, on the other hand, is fairly simple, with five pairs of long and short vowels - /a aː e eː o oː i iː u uː/ - plus the two vowels /ɨ ə/. The non-high vowels could also form diphthongs with /ɨ̯ ɪ̯ ʊ̯/, while /i iː/ only could with /ʊ̯/ and /u uː/ only with /ɪ̯/. Diphthongs centered on schwa, once controversial among Lahob linguists, have now become accepted by most linguists because of *əj being so far the only reasonable explanation for palatalized consonants in Chlouvānem - as with e.g. *nodəjn-ə- "to hit, strike" > ''nadьn-'' "to trip into, to hit" - much like the *əjV sequence explains the distinction between CʲV and CjV (as with *ʕiŋjō > ''liliā'' "my, mine" (*CjV > CʲV) and *ērəjo > ''yarya'' "beer" (*CəjV > CjV)). | ||
====Sound correspondences in daughter languages==== | |||
The following table lists the general reflexes of Proto-Lahob phonemes in the major attested Lahob languages. For sake of brevity, different outcomes caused by splits in earlier times of the language are not noted (e.g. *d having different outcomes in Yełeshian Lawo due to original intervocalic *d being ''n'' and secondary intervocalic *d (post-Proto-Nayzehenyn) being ''r''): | |||
{| class="wikitable" | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Proto-Lahob !! rowspan=2 | [[Chlouvānem]] !! colspan=2 | Nayzehenyn | |||
|- | |||
! Yełeshian Lawo !! Shershan Lawo | |||
|- | |||
! *p | |||
| p || p || p | |||
|- | |||
! *pʰ | |||
| ħ || h, kp<small><sup>1</sup></small> || h, kp<small><sup>1</sup></small> | |||
|- | |||
! *b | |||
| b || b, w || b, w | |||
|- | |||
! *bʱ | |||
| bh || w, gb<small><sup>1</sup></small> || w, gb<small><sup>1</sup></small> | |||
|- | |||
! *t | |||
| t, ṭ<small><sup>2</sup></small> || t || t | |||
|- | |||
! *tʰ | |||
| th, ṭh<small><sup>2</sup></small> || n || y | |||
|- | |||
! *d | |||
| d, ḍ<small><sup>2</sup></small> || d, r, n || d, y | |||
|- | |||
! *dʱ | |||
| dh, ḍh<small><sup>2</sup></small> || n || y | |||
|- | |||
! *c | |||
| c || č, š || č, š | |||
|- | |||
! *cʰ | |||
| ch || š || š | |||
|- | |||
! *ɟ | |||
| j || rowspan=2 | ž || dž, ž | |||
|- | |||
! *ɟʱ | |||
| jh || ž | |||
|- | |||
! *k | |||
| k || k, q<small><sup>2</sup></small> || k | |||
|- | |||
! *kʰ | |||
| kh || ħ, ∅ || ħ, h | |||
|- | |||
! *ɡ | |||
| g || g, ∅ || g, h | |||
|- | |||
! *ɡʱ | |||
| gh || ħ, ∅ || ħ, h | |||
|- | |||
! *kʷ | |||
| ƾ || rowspan=2 | kp || rowspan=2 | kp | |||
|- | |||
! *kʷʰ | |||
| ph | |||
|- | |||
! *ɡʷ | |||
| ƾ || rowspan=2 | gb || rowspan=2 | gb | |||
|- | |||
! *ɡʷʱ | |||
| bh | |||
|} | |||
Table notes: | |||
# Word-initially. | |||
# Usually through assimilation of a following *r. | |||
===Morphology=== | ===Morphology=== | ||