Lahob languages: Difference between revisions

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The uses of these stems usually vary between branches:

* *wi(w)ħ- is used in the Pwaɬasd-Ngos branch for all forms except the past; Lahobic languages and Šlokhowdeš only keep it in present 3SG (cf. Łaȟ. ''wak'', Yeł. Lawo ''weng'' "it is"), Tlengastic and Woŋom-Baan uses it for the whole present, while Chlouvānem uses it for the present singular forms only.

* *jaħħ- is not used at all in the Pwaɬasd-Ngos, Tlengastic, and Woŋom-Baan languages; Lahobic languages have it but as a different verb, while Šlokhowdeš and Chlouvānem have multiple forms of it, most notably its original perfect forms are used in the present (dual and plural in Chl., all but 3SG in Šl.). Chlouvānem also uses it as the infinitive (''jalle''), for the (most used) future, and most stems for other moods.

* *jaħħ- is not used at all in the Pwaɬasd-Ngos, Tlengastic, and Woŋom-Baan languages; Lahobic languages have it but as a different verb, while Šlokhowdeš and Chlouvānem have multiple forms of it, most notably its original perfect forms are used in the present (dual and plural in Chl., all but 3SG in Šl.), with a semantic shift from "to have become" to "to currently be". Chlouvānem also uses it as the infinitive (''jalle''), for the (most used) future, and most stems for other moods.

* *ri- is used for the Pwaɬasd-Ngos past forms, the present (except 3SG) and the subjunctive mood in Lahobic languages, and the perfect in Chlouvānem (as well as Yełeshian and Shershan Lawo).

* *yek- forms the past in Lahobic, Tlengastic, and Woŋom-Baan languages as well as Šlokhowdeš and Chlouvānem. Its original present inflections are used as a future paradigm in Chlouvānem, though less used than the (completely synonymous) one based on *jaħħ-.

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 The uses of these stems usually vary between branches:
 * *wi(w)ħ- is used in the Pwaɬasd-Ngos branch for all forms except the past; Lahobic languages and Šlokhowdeš only keep it in present 3SG (cf. Łaȟ. ''wak'', Yeł. Lawo ''weng'' "it is"), Tlengastic and Woŋom-Baan uses it for the whole present, while Chlouvānem uses it for the present singular forms only.
-* *jaħħ- is not used at all in the Pwaɬasd-Ngos, Tlengastic, and Woŋom-Baan languages; Lahobic languages have it but as a different verb, while Šlokhowdeš and Chlouvānem have multiple forms of it, most notably its original perfect forms are used in the present (dual and plural in Chl., all but 3SG in Šl.). Chlouvānem also uses it as the infinitive (''jalle''), for the (most used) future, and most stems for other moods.
+* *jaħħ- is not used at all in the Pwaɬasd-Ngos, Tlengastic, and Woŋom-Baan languages; Lahobic languages have it but as a different verb, while Šlokhowdeš and Chlouvānem have multiple forms of it, most notably its original perfect forms are used in the present (dual and plural in Chl., all but 3SG in Šl.), with a semantic shift from "to have become" to "to currently be". Chlouvānem also uses it as the infinitive (''jalle''), for the (most used) future, and most stems for other moods.
 * *ri- is used for the Pwaɬasd-Ngos past forms, the present (except 3SG) and the subjunctive mood in Lahobic languages, and the perfect in Chlouvānem (as well as Yełeshian and Shershan Lawo).
 * *yek- forms the past in Lahobic, Tlengastic, and Woŋom-Baan languages as well as Šlokhowdeš and Chlouvānem. Its original present inflections are used as a future paradigm in Chlouvānem, though less used than the (completely synonymous) one based on *jaħħ-.