Minhast: Difference between revisions
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===== Causal ===== | ===== Causal ===== | ||
===== Minor Phrase Types ===== | |||
====== Temporal Expressions ====== | |||
To express terms such as "ago", "during", and "from now" (e.g. "three days ago", "during those three days", "three days from now", Minhast uses a cardinal noun joined to a temporal noun with a ''min'' phrase, followed by either the Ablative (for "ago" and "from now" expressions), or the Locative (for "during" expressions): | |||
<BLOCKQUOTE> | |||
Cardinal numeral + CONN + NP<sub>temporal</sub>=ABL | |||
</BLOCKQUOTE> | |||
<BLOCKQUOTE> | |||
[DEM +] CONN + Cardinal numeral + CONN + NP<sub>temporal</sub>=LOC | |||
</BLOCKQUOTE> | |||
Some examples of these expressions are as follows: | |||
* "ago": | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase =Duxt min nukarpiyar taharan ikšākekarampā ruwassektaharuš. | |||
|IPA = | |||
| morphemes = Duxt min nukarpi=yar tah=aran ikšāk-ek-ar-an-pi-mā ruwas-ektah-ar-u=š | |||
| gloss = three CONN day=ABL 2S.DAT request-1S.ABS-PST-INTRANS-SUBORD help-1S.ABS+2S.ERG-PST-TRANS=IRRREAL | |||
| translation = Three days ago I asked you for help. (lit: "From three days I asked that you help me") | |||
}} | |||
* "from now": | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase =Duxt min nukarpi=yar hakminesaš. | |||
|IPA = | |||
| morphemes =Duxt min nukarpi=yar ha-km-nes-an=š | |||
| gloss = three CONN day=ABL come-3P.ABS-FUT-INTRANS=IRREAL | |||
| translation = Three days from now they will have arrived. (lit: "From three days they will come") | |||
}} | |||
* "during": | |||
{{Gloss | |||
|phrase = Sapim duxt min nukarpi=ki intarsattabedustimmaraš. | |||
|IPA = | |||
| morphemes = Sap=im duxt min nukarpi=ki ntar-sattabe-dust-mm-ar-an=š | |||
| gloss = this=CONN three CONN day=LOC APPROX-kill-RECIP.ADVERS-1P.EXCL-PST-INTRANS=IRREAL | |||
| translation = During those three days we nearly killed each other. (lit: "In those three days we almost killed each other") | |||
}} | |||
Note that the only differentiation between "ago" and "from now" is the verb tense. For "during", the demonstrative may be omitted, but in actual speech and texts the demonstrative appears more frequently than in the omitted construction. | |||
== Idiomatic Phrases == | == Idiomatic Phrases == | ||