Kola: Difference between revisions

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===Phonotactics===

The maximum allowed syllable structure is CVCC ~~word-finally and CVC otherwise~~. Consonant clusters with more than two consonants are broken up by inserting the epenthetic vowel /ɨ/. /ɨ/ is also added (in speech only) after a word-final consonant cluster when the following word begins in a vowel.

The maximum allowed syllable structure is CVCC. Consonant clusters with more than two consonants are broken up by inserting the epenthetic vowel /ɨ/. /ɨ/ is also added (in speech only) after a word-final consonant cluster when the following word begins in a vowel.

Not all clusters are allowed word-finally. The following are allowed:

*Any geminate consonant (except uvular, pharyngeal, and glottal consonants, which cannot geminate in any position)

*Sonorant + non-glottal obstruent - e.g. /nt, mpʼ, ld/

*Sonorant + non-glottal obstruent - e.g. /nt, mpʼ, ls/

*Voiceless velar/guttural (non-labialized) or labial obstruent + /t/, /s/, or /ʃ/ - e.g. /ft, kʼt, ħʃ, ʔs/

*Voiceless fricative (non-labialized) + stop - e.g. /st, ftʼ, ʃkʼ/ - EXCEPTION: /f/ cannot be followed by a labial stop

Any other word-final cluster is broken with /ɨ/. Alternatively, a word-final /i/ may be added, especially in loanwords - e.g. ዓቅሊ /ʕakʼli/ "reason, common sense" (from Arabic عقل /ʕaql/).

Word-medially, up to three consonants can cluster. The rules for allowed clusters are as follows.

*2 consonants: Most clusters are allowed. Some clusters do not occur due to coalescence (e.g. ''n/l'' + ''r'' → ''rr''; ''t'' + ''d'' → ''dd'') Guttural consonants do not normally cluster with each other, except in some loanwords (where they often fuse anyway) - e.g. ማዕሃድ /maʕhad/ ''institute'' (also ማሓድ /maħad/).

*3 consonants:

*Sonorant + homorganic stop + liquid

*Velar/uvular/labial obstruent + coronal stop + liquid

*/s/ or /ʃ/ + voiceless stop + liquid

Vowels cannot occur in hiatus. When this would happen, they are separated with epenthetic consonants such as /j/, /w/, or /ʔ/.

@@ Line 390: / Line 390: @@
 ===Phonotactics===
 <!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. -->
-The maximum allowed syllable structure is CVCC word-finally and CVC otherwise. Consonant clusters with more than two consonants are broken up by inserting the epenthetic vowel /ɨ/. /ɨ/ is also added (in speech only) after a word-final consonant cluster when the following word begins in a vowel.
+The maximum allowed syllable structure is CVCC. Consonant clusters with more than two consonants are broken up by inserting the epenthetic vowel /ɨ/. /ɨ/ is also added (in speech only) after a word-final consonant cluster when the following word begins in a vowel.
 Not all clusters are allowed word-finally. The following are allowed:
 *Any geminate consonant (except uvular, pharyngeal, and glottal consonants, which cannot geminate in any position)
-*Sonorant + non-glottal obstruent - e.g. /nt, mpʼ, ld/
+*Sonorant + non-glottal obstruent - e.g. /nt, mpʼ, ls/
 *Voiceless velar/guttural (non-labialized) or labial obstruent + /t/, /s/, or /ʃ/ - e.g. /ft, kʼt, ħʃ, ʔs/
 *Voiceless fricative (non-labialized) + stop - e.g. /st, ftʼ, ʃkʼ/ - EXCEPTION: /f/ cannot be followed by a labial stop
 Any other word-final cluster is broken with /ɨ/. Alternatively, a word-final /i/ may be added, especially in loanwords - e.g. ዓቅሊ /ʕakʼli/ "reason, common sense" (from Arabic عقل /ʕaql/).
+Word-medially, up to three consonants can cluster. The rules for allowed clusters are as follows.
+*2 consonants: Most clusters are allowed. Some clusters do not occur due to coalescence (e.g. ''n/l'' + ''r'' → ''rr''; ''t'' + ''d'' → ''dd'') Guttural consonants do not normally cluster with each other, except in some loanwords (where they often fuse anyway) - e.g. ማዕሃድ /maʕhad/ ''institute'' (also ማሓድ /maħad/).
+*3 consonants:
+*Sonorant + homorganic stop + liquid
+*Velar/uvular/labial obstruent + coronal stop + liquid
+*/s/ or /ʃ/ + voiceless stop + liquid
 Vowels cannot occur in hiatus. When this would happen, they are separated with epenthetic consonants such as /j/, /w/, or /ʔ/.