Aoma: Difference between revisions
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Verbs are conjugated according to person, number, tense, aspect, mood which are indicated by suffixes, prefixes and reduplication. | Verbs are conjugated according to person, number, tense, aspect, mood which are indicated by suffixes, prefixes and reduplication. | ||
====Conjugation Tables==== | ====''Conjugation Tables''==== | ||
There are three conjugation classes based on the infinite forms: | There are three conjugation classes based on the infinite forms: | ||
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=====Irregular===== | =====''Irregular''===== | ||
Class III has verbs with multiple irregular forms often deriving from use of other words or through phonemic changes during long history. This also includes a group of verbs whose infinite ends in ''u'', and sometimes depending on the presence of ''y'' they are marked as IIIa and IIIb while class IIII is solely for the irregular verbs. | Class III has verbs with multiple irregular forms often deriving from use of other words or through phonemic changes during long history. This also includes a group of verbs whose infinite ends in ''u'', and sometimes depending on the presence of ''y'' they are marked as IIIa and IIIb while class IIII is solely for the irregular verbs. | ||
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* Eventive: ''em'' + COND | * Eventive: ''em'' + COND | ||
====Aspects==== | ====''Aspects''==== | ||
Imperfective is formed by adding prefixes ''bo'' for Ia & IIa or ''be'' for Ib & IIb to the conjugated form and often also lengthening the last vowel: ''Pekin''→''Bopekiin'', I gave → I was giving | Imperfective is formed by adding prefixes ''bo'' for Ia & IIa or ''be'' for Ib & IIb to the conjugated form and often also lengthening the last vowel: ''Pekin''→''Bopekiin'', I gave → I was giving | ||
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Ancestral past in the third person is used when discussing ancient historical events and it is formed by adding the prefix ''ne'' to pluperfect (past perfect) form: ''Komai sish.'' → ''Jukomai sish.'' → ''Nejukomai sish.'', He did it. → He had done it. → He had done it a long time ago. (or: It was done eons ago.) | Ancestral past in the third person is used when discussing ancient historical events and it is formed by adding the prefix ''ne'' to pluperfect (past perfect) form: ''Komai sish.'' → ''Jukomai sish.'' → ''Nejukomai sish.'', He did it. → He had done it. → He had done it a long time ago. (or: It was done eons ago.) | ||
====Moods==== | ====''Moods''==== | ||
Indicative is shown in the tables above and other moods are derived from it: | Indicative is shown in the tables above and other moods are derived from it: | ||
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*Double reduplication gives a mood similar to eventive and it is used in conditional sentence protasis and speculatives: ''Pekkokaran '''tetellulun'''.'' I would give '''if I had'''. (notice also the future tense of apodosis) | *Double reduplication gives a mood similar to eventive and it is used in conditional sentence protasis and speculatives: ''Pekkokaran '''tetellulun'''.'' I would give '''if I had'''. (notice also the future tense of apodosis) | ||
====Negation==== | ====''Negation''==== | ||
Aoma has a conjugated negative verb ''söm'' which is otherwise conjugation II, but has special forms for future and polite 2nd person (present, past, future): | Aoma has a conjugated negative verb ''söm'' which is otherwise conjugation II, but has special forms for future and polite 2nd person (present, past, future): | ||
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''Söm'' is used as an auxiliary together with the infinite form of a verb: ''Soleran.'' I will come. and ''Sörön solle.'' I won't come. | ''Söm'' is used as an auxiliary together with the infinite form of a verb: ''Soleran.'' I will come. and ''Sörön solle.'' I won't come. | ||
====Interrogative==== | ====''Interrogative''==== | ||
Question form of a verb is created by adding interrogative prefix ''so'': ''Vo.'' He speaks. → '''''So'''vo?'' Does he speak? | Question form of a verb is created by adding interrogative prefix ''so'': ''Vo.'' He speaks. → '''''So'''vo?'' Does he speak? | ||
Stress remains on the verb | Stress remains on the verb but pitch rises towards the end. | ||
====Non-finite forms==== | ====''Non-finite forms''==== | ||
*Gerund which describes the act of doing: ''ba'' + INF (+''m'') | *Gerund which describes the act of doing: ''ba'' + INF (+''m'') | ||
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*Past passive participle: INF + ''na'' or ''ma'' for IIa | *Past passive participle: INF + ''na'' or ''ma'' for IIa | ||
====Passive Voice==== | ====''Passive Voice''==== | ||
In Aoma, there are ways for creating passive voices: | In Aoma, there are ways for creating passive voices: | ||