Chlouvānem/Morphology: Difference between revisions
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====Third person==== | ====Third person==== | ||
In Chlouvānem, third person pronouns are basically never used when referring to people: '''tami''' can only be used as such in informal registers, and it is considered insulting to do so in formal speech. The name of the person referred to with the appropriate honorific title is used instead. | |||
===Honorific titles=== | ===Honorific titles=== | ||
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* '''jāmilšīreh''' - used in military contexts towards higher-ranked people, or by common people towards military commanders in service. | * '''jāmilšīreh''' - used in military contexts towards higher-ranked people, or by common people towards military commanders in service. | ||
* '''dhārāti''' - neutral but respectful title of address, often used when generally speaking and without knowing who the listener is. Sometimes used, when in a plural sense, in the form '''yamei dau-dhārātīye'''. In its neutralness relative to rank, it can be compared with the Soviet-era use of ''товарищ''. It is also how high-ranked Inquisitors and most monks address the general public. | * '''dhārāti''' - neutral but respectful title of address, often used when generally speaking and without knowing who the listener is. Sometimes used, when in a plural sense, in the form '''yamei dau-dhārātīye'''. In its neutralness relative to rank, it can be compared with the Soviet-era use of ''товарищ''. It is also how high-ranked Inquisitors and most monks address the general public. | ||
* '''pūrivāla''' - an impersonal term of address used in written language, towards unfamiliar people never met personally. Often used as ''yamei'' [name] ''pūrivāla''. | |||
* '''cuca''' is not strictly an honorific, as it pertains to more colloquial forms of speech, but it works the same way. It has a diminutive and endearing meaning, not unlike Japanese ''-chan''. In formal speech, it is often used towards and when speaking about children. | * '''cuca''' is not strictly an honorific, as it pertains to more colloquial forms of speech, but it works the same way. It has a diminutive and endearing meaning, not unlike Japanese ''-chan''. In formal speech, it is often used towards and when speaking about children. | ||
====Occupations commonly used as titles==== | |||
* ''aveṣyotāra lallāmaha'' + matronymic | * '''camitorai''' — head of a company (usually as [matronymic] ''yamei'' [name] ''camitorai lāma'') | ||
* '' | * '''kauchlærīn''' (voc.: ''kauchlærī'') — professor (in universities, seminaries, institutions, and work schools) | ||
* '''tatnāmęlīn''' (voc.: ''tatnāmęlī'') — teacher (in first and basic schools) | |||
====Official titles==== | |||
Where not noted, the formula is [matronymic] ''yamei'' [name] [title] ''lāma''. | |||
* '''brausamailenia''' — Baptist — rendered as ''aveṣyotāra lallāmaha'' [matronymic] ''yamei'' [surname + given name] ''brausamailenia lāma''. | |||
* '''camimurkadhāna''' — Great Inquisitor — rendered as ''nanū aveṣyotāra lallāmaha'' [matronymic] ''yamei'' [surname + given name] ''camimurkadhāna lāma''. | |||
* '''camitorai''' — president (of diocesan parliaments or executives or of foreign countries). Rendered as ''aveṣyotāram'' [matronymic (if Chlouvānem)] ''yamei'' [name] ''camitorai lāma''. | |||
* '''flušamelīs''' (voc.: ''flušamelī'') — Prefect (head of an Office (''flušamila'') of the Inquisition). Rendered as ''aveṣyotāra(s)'' [matronymic] ''yamei'' [name] ''flušamelī(s) lāma''. | |||
* '''gatvā''' — leader/head/president/mayor — preceded by the genitive of the respective administration (''ṣramāṇa'' "province", ''lalka'' "circuit", ''hālgāra'' "district", ''marta'' "city"…). | |||
* '''hurdagīn''' — Head Monk (head of a monastery) — rendered as ''kaili brausam yamei [name] hurdagīn lāma'' (+ monastery name-<small>GEN</small>)<ref>Many head monks have their own unique titles based on their monastery. For example the head monk of the Vādhaṃšvāti Lake Monastery is not referred as ''[…] hurdagīn lāma vādhaṃšvāti ga gėrisi'' but as ''[…] laliājuniāmiti jāṇi camilālta lāma'', literally "Great Guardian of the Field of the Night Bloom".</ref> | |||
* '''juṃša''' — Bishop (head of a diocese) — rendered as ''aveṣyotāra'' [matronymic] ''yamei'' [(surname +) name] ''juṃša'' (+ diocese name-<small>GEN</small>). | |||
* '''lallaflušamelīs''' (voc.: ''lallaflušamelī'') — High Prefect (head of the Table of Offices (''flušamaili eṇāh'', the executive branch of the Inquisition). Usually rendered as ''taili aveṣyotāra(s)'' [matronymic] ''yamei'' [name] ''lallaflušamelī(s) lāma''. | |||
* '''lallamurkadhāna''' — High Inquisitor (one of the 612 members of the Inquisitorial Conclave (''murkadhānumi lanedāmeh'', the legislative branch of the Inquisition). Usually rendered as ''aveṣyotāra'' [matronymic] ''yamei'' [name] ''lallamurkadhāna lāma''. | |||
* '''ñæltryam''' — monk. | |||
* '''ṭommīn''' (voc.: ''ṭommī'') — Quaestor (head of a Quaestorship). | |||
Note that the full titles are used generally at the first mention only. For example, ''Martayināvi yamei murkadhāna Læhimausa lāma'' becomes afterwards either ''yamei murkadhāna'' or ''yamei Læhimausa lāma''. With the Great Inquisitor, this does not usually get shorter than ''nanū aveṣyotāra yamei lallāmaha'' ([Her] Respectable Most Excellent Highness) or ''nanū aveṣyotāra lallāmaha camimurkadhāna'' ([Her] Most Excellent Highness, the Great Inquisitor). | |||
===Honorific particles=== | ===Honorific particles=== | ||