User:IlL/Spare pages 1/5

• IlL/Spare pages 1/5/Lexicon
• IlL/Spare pages 1/5/Swadesh list
• IlL/Spare pages 1/5/Names

IlL/Spare pages 1/5 (Tsjoenz-blotp) is a modern descendant of Myuftseezh (with significant Varrkkún influence) spoken in Talma (Western Etalocin, Teolmeo /tʌlmʌ/ in Chick Corean). It is an official language in Chick Corea and several other countries, and a lingua franca in Talma. It's inspired aesthetically by Swedish and Sino-Korean, and grammatically by Vietnamese.

Todo

• ADAPT TÍOGALL SCRIPT
• Chick Corean national anthem?
• zjog = person
• zatj = 2nd person polite pronoun
• Handle Varrkkún words more transparently
• postvocalic h is allowed
• elseo = eagle
• Xi gdeoz, beugju xi tjaleo = Cogito ergo sum
• hael = ego
• hjeo (before C), hjeor (before V) = this
• tjaleo = exist
• fosn = therefore; beugju = ergo
• Otsn./Ngjodav. = Hello.
• Eobak. = Greetings. (somewhat more formal)
• Tsuxa. = Thank you.
• Sjapt otsn. = Bye.
• ingk (mae) = name
• rip = learn
• nim (mae) = water
• zjeosm (lek) = wife
• keokeortjar = strict
• gdeoz = to think
• eobak (mae) 'greeting'
• muk 'bad'
• fljeongar 'round'
• vael 'I (formal)' (< yavvál 'servant')
• vaelur 'we (formal)'
• bjaels 'state'
• vjeorkun 'Varquun'
• blotp /blotp/ 'tongue, language' (Myuftseezh blotp < Proto-Ftseezhic blōtp < Proto-Myuftseezh *blātʼpʼ)
• rjeonmok /rjʌnmok/ 'hero (often used ironically)' < Varquun rannammókk "raven-joy", i.e. warrior
• eotijeo = prove < Varquun atiyah 'prove, demonstrate'
• Xi tat wegar mae gzeos fae mydar mae gzeos, klje xjod kyks pju. = 'I mixed the blue liquid and the orange liquid, and then there was an explosion.'
• Si e x-lek tsjatmaengal! = Not my president!
• ke = ovum, genesis (Varquun kké 'egg')
• bljedin = theorem
• hveol 'question particle' < kʷa-ləy; kjom 'for' < q'əw, mul 'keep' < muyλay
• Vae-ingk e [name] / X-ingk e [name] = My name is [name]

History

The main source of borrowings in Chick Corean is Varkkún and its descendant Nail Polish. Nearby Clofabic languages and many other languages have contributed as well to the rich vocabulary of Chick Corean.

Chick Coreanization of Varkkún words

Vowels:

• a á i í ij u ú uw é ó > eo a e eu/i eu/i o u u e o

Consonants:

• Consonants that come in pharyngealized/nonpharyngealized pairs are rendered C/Ceu (pharyngealized) and Cj/Ci (nonpharyngealized).
  • xx and x become h/heu and hj/hi.
  • In word-final position, only (nonpharyngealized) t/d/s/z/x are palatalized to tj/dj/sj/zj/hj.
• tj/dj/sj/zj become tsj/dj/sj/zj (they become tsj/d/sj/zj before i).
• w/y become w/j.
• h becomes h (with no palatalization). The verb ending -ah is borrowed as -eo.

Phonology

Chick Corean has an average-sized (~25, depending on who's counting) consonant inventory and a rather large (10) vowel inventory.

Consonants

IlL/Spare pages 1/5 consonants

		Labial	Alveolar	Lateral	Medial	Palatal	Velar	Glottal
Nasal		m /m/	n /n/				ng /ŋ/
Plosive	voiceless	p /p/	t /t/			tj* /t͡ɕ/	k /k/
	voiced	b /b/	d /d/			dj* /d͡ʑ/	g /g/
Fricative	voiceless	f /f/	s /s/	x /ɬ/	sj /ɧ/	hj* /ç/		h /h/
	voiced	v /v/	z /z/		zj /ζ/1
Affricate			ts /ts/	tx /tɬ/	tsj /tʂ/
Resonant		w /w/	r /r/	l /l/		j /j/

¹ In this article the symbol /ζ/ is used for [ɧ̬] (voiced sje-sound). Approximant realizations like [ɻ] are common, however.

kv, gv, ngv, hv are pronounced [kw, gw, ŋw, hw].

* t d h are pronounced like tj dj hj before /i/ and /y/.

Vowels

Chick Corean has 10 vowel phonemes. There are no diphthongs.

	Front		Back
	unrounded	rounded	unrounded	rounded
Close	i /i/	y /y/	eu /ɯ/	u /u/
Close-mid	e /e/	oe /ø~œ/		o /o/
Open-mid	ae /ɛ/		eo /ʌ~ɔ/
Open			a /a/

Some linguists consider eu to actually be a non-palatalizing allophone of i.

Myuftseezh i u e ø o a

• (no umlaut) > a (open)/ɯ (closed) u ə ə o a
• (umlaut) > i u i e ø ɛ

Stress

Stress is initial.

Morphology

Nouns

Chick Corean nouns do not inflect for number but take possessive prefixes for inalienable possession. Chick Corean nouns can take classifiers which serve many functions. Classifiers with possessive prefixes mark alienable possession.

Inalienable possession is most commonly used for family members ('the boy's mother'), body parts ('my arm') and inherent properties ('the prime factorization of 760') but may used for other nuances as well. As an example, vae-raev eotijin (with alienable possession) would be the usual way of saying 'my proof' (i.e. the proof that I devised of a mathematical statement), while vae-eotijin (using inalienable possession) suggests a more special or unique relationship, e.g. I am the one who originally proved the theorem.

Chick Corean uses a possessive prefix, either on a classifier placed before the possessum (classifiers are also used as definite articles) for alienable possession or directly on the possessum for inalienable possession.

Examples:

Teuk s-raev hundeofin = the man's song (e.g. a song that he is singing)

Teuk sju-hundeofin = the man's song (i.e. a song authored by him)

X-lek zjeosm = my wife

*Xi-zjeosm

Xi-bae = my father

?X-lek bae = the father assigned to me (?)

The possessive prefixes are as follows (they're always hyphenated):

Possessive prefixes

	Singular	Plural
1 (informal)	xi-, x-, xj-	tsa-, ts-
1 (formal)	vae-
2 (informal)	lju-	krjeo-, krj-
2 (formal)	za-
3 (animate)	sju-, s-
3 (inanimate)	reo-

Classifiers

Unusually for a Talman language, Chick Corean classifiers inflect for number. They often have suppletive plural forms which are loaned from Nail Polish or Varrkkún. For example, zjog means either 'a person' or 'people'; lek zjog means 'the person'; staen zjog means 'the people'.

The following classifiers are used:

• lek, pl. staen = animates (humans, more "animate" animals like pets)
• njab, pl. ___ = honorific form of lek
• kveod, pl. ___ = organisms not viewed as sentient: plants, fungi, bacteria, "lower" animals, pests
• mae, pl. mae = tiny, point-like objects; mass nouns
  • Units of measurement can be used such as cups, pails, ...
• oetsp, pl. ___ = long, thin objects
• flat sheets
• govz, pl. ___ = food items
• raev, pl. ___ = abstractions; works of art
• gjaetx, pl. ___ = books
• tsma, pl. ___ = manmade structures: houses, buildings, cities; tools
• Units of measurement do not take classifiers with numerals.

Numerals

Ordinals are marked with -pae.

Derivational morphology

• Compound nouns are head-final and are always hyphenated
• -al = agentive
• ri- = non-

Syntax

Basic typology

Chick Corean grammar is mostly analytic and SVXO. Genitives, adjectives, and short (1-2 words) relative clauses precede nouns; longer relative clauses follow nouns. Both pre- and postpositions are used.

Xi taek oseor eukng ti fjuxt.

I speak of love and hate.

Hveol ngeo mul kjom xi hi?

Are you saving it for me?

Noun phrases

1. $NOUN can mean both 'a $NOUN' and '$NOUNs'; in general, number distinctions cannot be made without a classifier.
2. CLF $NOUN means 'the $NOUN' or 'the $NOUNs'; the number depends on whether the classifier is singular or plural.
3. tsae $CLF $NOUN means 'this $NOUN'; hjeo $CLF $NOUN means 'that $NOUN'.
4. $ADJ $NOUN and $VERB fo $NOUN means 'an $ADJ $NOUN' or 'a $NOUN that $VERBs'.
5. $NOUN CLF $REL_CLAUSE = 'a $NOUN $REL_CLAUSE; see the section on clauses.
6. (With numbers) $NOUN $N CLF = '$N $NOUN(s)'; CLF $NOUN $N CLF = 'the $N $NOUN(s).

Verb phrases

Grammaticalization happens readily in Chick Corean, as evinced by the sheer number of auxiliaries and particles in the language.

TAM

Lots of TAM particles

• progressive < "in" like Celtic?
• non-immediate future < "mean to"

Miscellaneous

Poetry

A Chick Corean meter is a set number of syllables per line, along with a division of each line into (usually two) sub-lines of certain lengths.

Assonance is essential in Chick Corean poetry; traditionally, one creates a sense of rhythm by using assonance in certain patterns, e.g. in the beginning of a sub-line, or in odd-numbered or 1st-mod-n syllables. Non-traditional assonance schemes are used in modern poetry and in whimsical, quasi-Hofstadterian "riddle poems".

An example of a couplet with 4+4-lines:

Vols ftjud txngeob reodj ‖ tsop jeopng hjaeg
rjoht tny tmjav pnje, ‖ dvots lats fjeltjar.

"Telegraphic" poetry à la Classical Chinese is common in "classical" poetry.