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The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:
The emphatic marker is usually added to declarative verbs when there is no preverbal particle:
*''cacsynis'' = I eat
*''caxynis'' = I eat
*''nīs cacsyn'' = I do not eat
*''nīs caxyn'' = I do not eat
====Present====
====Present====
Independent forms:
Independent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussanis || torenis || aellinis || cacsynis
| 1SG || tussanis || torenis || aellinis || caxynis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussaris || toreris || aelliris || cacsyris
| 2SG || tussaris || toreris || aelliris || caxyris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussamis || toremis || aellimis || cacsymis
| 3SG.M || tussamis || toremis || aellimis || caxymis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussasis || toresis || aellisis || cacsysis
| 3SG.F || tussasis || toresis || aellisis || caxysis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussas || tores || aellis || cacsis
| 3SG.N || tussas || tores || aellis || caxis
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussamēs || toremēs || aellimēs || cacsymēs
| 1EX || tussamēs || toremēs || aellimēs || caxymēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussantis || torentis || aellintis || cacsyntis
| 1IN || tussantis || torentis || aellintis || caxyntis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussasces || toresces || aellisces || cacsysces
| 2PL || tussasces || toresces || aellisces || caxysces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussatis || toretis || aellitis || cacsytis
| 3PL || tussatis || toretis || aellitis || caxytis
|}
|}
Dependent forms (shown with ''nīs'' 'not'):
Dependent forms (shown with ''nīs'' 'not'):
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussan || nīs toren || nīs aellin || nīs cacsyn
| 1SG || nīs tussan || nīs toren || nīs aellin || nīs caxyn
|-
|-
| 2SG || nīs tussar || nīs torer || nīs aellir || nīs cacsyr
| 2SG || nīs tussar || nīs torer || nīs aellir || nīs caxyr
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tussam || nīs torem || nīs aellim || nīs cacsym
| 3SG.M || nīs tussam || nīs torem || nīs aellim || nīs caxym
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tussasi || nīs toresi || nīs aellisi || nīs cacsysi
| 3SG.F || nīs tussasi || nīs toresi || nīs aellisi || nīs caxysi
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa || nīs tore || nīs aelli || nīs cacsy
| 3SG.N || nīs tussa || nīs tore || nīs aelli || nīs caxy
|-
|-
| 1EX || nīs tussamē || nīs toremē || nīs aellimē || nīs cacsymē
| 1EX || nīs tussamē || nīs toremē || nīs aellimē || nīs caxymē
|-
|-
| 1IN || nīs tussant || nīs torent || nīs aellint || nīs cacsynt
| 1IN || nīs tussant || nīs torent || nīs aellint || nīs caxynt
|-
|-
| 2PL || nīs tussasce || nīs toresce || nīs aellisce || nīs cacsysce
| 2PL || nīs tussasce || nīs toresce || nīs aellisce || nīs caxysce
|-
|-
| 3PL || nīs tussat || nīs toret || nīs aellit || nīs cacsyt
| 3PL || nīs tussat || nīs toret || nīs aellit || nīs caxyt
|}
|}


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{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tetussanis || tetorenis || aeaellinis || cecacsynis
| 1SG || tetussanis || tetorenis || aeaellinis || cecaxynis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tetussaris || tetoreris || aeaelliris || cecacsyris
| 2SG || tetussaris || tetoreris || aeaelliris || cecaxyris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tetussamis || tetoremis || aeaellimis || cecacsymis
| 3SG.M || tetussamis || tetoremis || aeaellimis || cecaxymis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tetussasis || tetoresis || aeaellisis || cecacsysis
| 3SG.F || tetussasis || tetoresis || aeaellisis || cecaxysis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tetussas || tetores || aeaellis || cecacsis
| 3SG.N || tetussas || tetores || aeaellis || cecaxis
|-
|-
| 1EX || tetussamēs || tetoremēs || aeaellimēs || cecacsymēs
| 1EX || tetussamēs || tetoremēs || aeaellimēs || cecaxymēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tetussantis || tetorentis || aeaellintis || cecacsyntis
| 1IN || tetussantis || tetorentis || aeaellintis || cecaxyntis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tetussasces || tetoresces || aeaellisces || cecacsysces
| 2PL || tetussasces || tetoresces || aeaellisces || cecaxysces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tetussatis || tetoretis || aeaellitis || cecacsytis
| 3PL || tetussatis || tetoretis || aeaellitis || cecaxytis
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tetussan || nīs tetoren || nīs aeaellin || nīs cecacsyn
| 1SG || nīs tetussan || nīs tetoren || nīs aeaellin || nīs cecaxyn
|-
|-
| 2SG || nīs tetussar || nīs tetorer || nīs aeaellir || nīs cecacsyr
| 2SG || nīs tetussar || nīs tetorer || nīs aeaellir || nīs cecaxyr
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || nīs tetussam || nīs tetorem || nīs aeaellim || nīs cecacsym
| 3SG.M || nīs tetussam || nīs tetorem || nīs aeaellim || nīs cecaxym
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || nīs tetussasi || nīs tetoresi || nīs aeaellisi || nīs cecacsysis
| 3SG.F || nīs tetussasi || nīs tetoresi || nīs aeaellisi || nīs cecaxysis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || nīs tetussa || nīs tetore || nīs aeaelli || nīs cecacsy
| 3SG.N || nīs tetussa || nīs tetore || nīs aeaelli || nīs cecaxy
|-
|-
| 1EX || nīs tetussamē || nīs tetoremē || nīs aeaellimē || nīs cecacsymē
| 1EX || nīs tetussamē || nīs tetoremē || nīs aeaellimē || nīs cecaxymē
|-
|-
| 1IN || nīs tetussant || nīs tetorent || nīs aeaellint || nīs cecacsynt
| 1IN || nīs tetussant || nīs tetorent || nīs aeaellint || nīs cecaxynt
|-
|-
| 2PL || nīs tetussasce || nīs tetoresce || nīs aeaellisce || nīs cecacsysce
| 2PL || nīs tetussasce || nīs tetoresce || nīs aeaellisce || nīs cecaxysce
|-
|-
| 3PL || nīs tetussat || nīs tetoret || nīs aeaellit || nīs cecacsyt
| 3PL || nīs tetussat || nīs tetoret || nīs aeaellit || nīs cecaxyt
|}
|}


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{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussannemis || torennemis || aellinnemis || cēnnemis
| 1SG || tussannemis || torennemis || aellinnemis || cēnnemis
Line 386: Line 386:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussannem || nīs torennem || nīs aellinnem || nīs cēnnem
| 1SG || nīs tussannem || nīs torennem || nīs aellinnem || nīs cēnnem
Line 421: Line 421:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussatēnis || toretēnis || cāstēnis
| 1SG || tussatēnis || toretēnis || cāstēnis
Line 444: Line 444:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || nīs tussatēn || nīs toretēn || nīs cāstēn
| 1SG || nīs tussatēn || nīs toretēn || nīs cāstēn
Line 469: Line 469:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussanaes || torenaes || cacsynaes
| 1SG || tussanaes || torenaes || caxynaes
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussaraes || toreraes || cacsyraes
| 2SG || tussaraes || toreraes || caxyraes
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussamioris || toremioris || cacsymioris
| 3SG.M || tussamioris || toremioris || caxymioris
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussasioris || toresioris || cacsysioris
| 3SG.F || tussasioris || toresioris || caxysioris
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussoris || torioris || cacsioris
| 3SG.N || tussoris || torioris || caxioris
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussamaes || toremaes || cacsymaes
| 1EX || tussamaes || toremaes || caxymaes
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussantaes || torentaes || cacsyntaes
| 1IN || tussantaes || torentaes || caxyntaes
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussascaes || torescaes || cacsyscaes
| 2PL || tussascaes || torescaes || caxyscaes
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussatioris || toretioris || cacsytioris
| 3PL || tussatioris || toretioris || caxytioris
|}
|}
Dependent forms (shown with the irrealis negative ''δā''):
Dependent forms (shown with the irrealis negative ''δā''):
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || δā tussanae || δā torenae || δā cacsynae
| 1SG || δā tussanae || δā torenae || δā caxynae
|-
|-
| 2SG || δā tussarae || δā torerae || δā cacsyrae
| 2SG || δā tussarae || δā torerae || δā caxyrae
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || δā tussamior || δā toremior || δā cacsymior
| 3SG.M || δā tussamior || δā toremior || δā caxymior
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || δā tussasior || δā toresior || δā cacsysior
| 3SG.F || δā tussasior || δā toresior || δā caxysior
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || δā tussor || δā torior || δā cacsior
| 3SG.N || δā tussor || δā torior || δā caxior
|-
|-
| 1EX || δā tussamae || δā toremae || δā cacsymae
| 1EX || δā tussamae || δā toremae || δā caxymae
|-
|-
| 1IN || δā tussantae || δā torentae || δā cacsyntae
| 1IN || δā tussantae || δā torentae || δā caxyntae
|-
|-
| 2PL || δā tussascae || δā torescae || δā cacsyscae
| 2PL || δā tussascae || δā torescae || δā caxyscae
|-
|-
| 3PL || δā tussatior || δā toretior || δā cacsytior
| 3PL || δā tussatior || δā toretior || δā caxytior
|}
|}


Line 518: Line 518:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || tussaedonis || torēdonis || cacsidonis
| 1SG || tussaedonis || torēdonis || caxidonis
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussaedoris || torēdoris || cacsidoris
| 2SG || tussaedoris || torēdoris || caxidoris
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || tussaedomis || torēdomis || cacsidomis
| 3SG.M || tussaedomis || torēdomis || caxidomis
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || tussaedosis || torēdosis || cacsidosis
| 3SG.F || tussaedosis || torēdosis || caxidosis
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || tussaedos || torēdos || cacsidos
| 3SG.N || tussaedos || torēdos || caxidos
|-
|-
| 1EX || tussaedomēs || torēdomēs || cacsidomēs
| 1EX || tussaedomēs || torēdomēs || caxidomēs
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussaedontis || torēdontis || cacsidontis
| 1IN || tussaedontis || torēdontis || caxidontis
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussaedosces || torēdosces || cacsidosces
| 2PL || tussaedosces || torēdosces || caxidosces
|-
|-
| 3PL || tussaedotis || torēdotis || cacsidotis
| 3PL || tussaedotis || torēdotis || caxidotis
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 1SG || δā tussaedon || δā torēdon || δā cacsidon
| 1SG || δā tussaedon || δā torēdon || δā caxidon
|-
|-
| 2SG || δā tussaedor || δā torēdor || δā cacsidor
| 2SG || δā tussaedor || δā torēdor || δā caxidor
|-
|-
| 3SG.M || δā tussaedom || δā torēdom || δā cacsidom
| 3SG.M || δā tussaedom || δā torēdom || δā caxidom
|-
|-
| 3SG.F || δā tussaedosi || δā torēdosi || δā cacsidosi
| 3SG.F || δā tussaedosi || δā torēdosi || δā caxidosi
|-
|-
| 3SG.N || δā tussaedo || δā torēdo || δā cacsido
| 3SG.N || δā tussaedo || δā torēdo || δā caxido
|-
|-
| 1EX || δā tussaedomē || δā torēdomē || δā cacsidomē
| 1EX || δā tussaedomē || δā torēdomē || δā caxidomē
|-
|-
| 1IN || δā tussaedont || δā torēdont || δā cacsidont
| 1IN || δā tussaedont || δā torēdont || δā caxidont
|-
|-
| 2PL || δā tussaedosce || δā torēdosce || δā cacsidosce
| 2PL || δā tussaedosce || δā torēdosce || δā caxidosce
|-
|-
| 3PL || δā tussaedot || δā torēdot || δā cacsidot
| 3PL || δā tussaedot || δā torēdot || δā caxidot
|}
|}


Line 566: Line 566:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person  !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 2SG || tussās! || torēs! || aellīs! || cacsys!
| 2SG || tussās! || torēs! || aellīs! || caxys!
|-
|-
| 1IN || tussantēs! || torentēs! || aellintēs! || cacsyntēs!
| 1IN || tussantēs! || torentēs! || aellintēs! || caxyntēs!
|-
|-
| 2PL || tussascēs! || torescēs! || aelliscēs! || cacsyscēs!
| 2PL || tussascēs! || torescēs! || aelliscēs! || caxyscēs!
|}
|}
Dependent forms:
Dependent forms:
{| class="bluetable"
{| class="bluetable"
|-
|-
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''cacsynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
! Person !! ''tussanis'' "I pray"<br/>(a-stem) !! ''torenis'' "I bloom, flourish"<br/>(e-stem) !! ''aellinis'' "I love"<br/>(i-stem) !! ''caxynis'' "I eat"<br/>(ablaut stem)  
|-
|-
| 2SG || δā tussā! || δā torē! || δā aellī! || δā cacsy!
| 2SG || δā tussā! || δā torē! || δā aellī! || δā caxy!
|-
|-
| 1IN || δā tussantē! || δā torentē! || δā aellintē! || δā cacsyntē!
| 1IN || δā tussantē! || δā torentē! || δā aellintē! || δā caxyntē!
|-
|-
| 2PL || δā tussascē! || δā torescē! || δā aelliscē! || δā cacsyscē!
| 2PL || δā tussascē! || δā torescē! || δā aelliscē! || δā caxyscē!
|}
|}


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