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{{ | ==Introduction== | ||
'''{{PAGENAME}}''' is a [[Talmic language]] descended from [[Thensarian]]. The phonology is inspired by Ashkenazi Hebrew and Portuguese (with a touch of English). | |||
*1-10: cę, têthôr, narge, zôfe, salês, stǫ, rôde, lorethe, farve, ħiôr /ˈkɛ̃, teˈsøʀ, ˈnæʀgə, ˈzøfə, ˈʃælɪʃ, ˈʃtɔ̃, ˈʀødə, lʌˈrɛsə, ˈfæʀvə, χɪˈjøʀ/ | |||
*11-19: cemiôr, ħelôr, nariôr, zôfiôr, ..., fariôr /kɛ̃mɪˈjøʀ, χəˈløʀ, naʀɪˈjøʀ, zøfɪˈjøʀ, ..., fɐʀɪˈjøʀ/ | |||
*20: nese /nɛsə/ | |||
*21: nesicę /nəsɪˈkɛ̃/ | |||
*40: têsôr nese /teˈsøʀ nɛsə/ | |||
*400: tafel /ˈtɐfəl/ | |||
*8000: ôron /ʉˈʀɒn/ | |||
==Historical phonology== | |||
==Phonology== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="width: 700px; text-align:center;" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! |Labial | |||
! |Alveolar | |||
! |Palatal | |||
! |Velar | |||
! |Uvular | |||
! |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="" |Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| <span style="color:gray;">'''n''' [ŋ]</span> | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| '''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| '''c''' /k/ | |||
| | |||
| ('''ȝ''' /ʔ/)<sup>1</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''b, v''' /b/ | |||
| '''d''' /d/ | |||
| | |||
| '''g''' /g/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="" |Fricative | |||
! |<small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''f''' /f/ | |||
| '''s''' /s/ | |||
| '''š''' /ʃ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ch, ħ''' /χ/ | |||
|rowspan="2" | ('''h''' /h~ɦ/)<sup>1</sup> | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>voiced</small> | |||
| | |||
| '''z''' /z/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''r''' /ʁ/ | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | |||
| | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| '''j''' /j/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
:<sup>1</sup> Silent in everyday speech. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{{col-begin}} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels (oral)''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 60px; "| | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 120px; " |Front | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 60px; " |Central | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 60px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>unrounded</small> | |||
! |<small>rounded</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| '''i, y''' /i/ | |||
| | |||
| '''u''' /ʉ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Near-close | |||
| [ɪ] | |||
| [ʏ] | |||
| [ə] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| '''e, ê''' /e/ | |||
| '''ô''' /ø/ | |||
| | |||
| '''â, o''' /o/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| [ɞ] | |||
| '''a''' /a/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
{{col-break}} | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|+ '''{{PAGENAME}} vowels (nasal)''' | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 60px; "| | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 120px; " |Front | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 60px; " |Central | |||
! rowspan="2" style="width: 60px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
! |<small>unrounded</small> | |||
! |<small>rounded</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Near-close | |||
| '''in, yn''' /ɪ̃/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''un''' /ʊ̃/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| '''ên''' /ɛ̃/ | |||
| '''ôn''' /œ̃/ | |||
| [ə̃] | |||
| '''ân, on''' /ɔ̃/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''an, en''' /ɐ̃/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
{{col-end}} | |||
====Vowel reduction==== | |||
Vowels are reduced in unstressed syllables. | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
!|Phoneme | |||
!|Reduced | |||
|- | |||
|/i/ | |||
|[ɪ] | |||
|- | |||
|/y/ | |||
|[ʏ] | |||
|- | |||
|/e/ | |||
|[ɪ] | |||
|- | |||
|/ø/ | |||
|[ʏ] | |||
|- | |||
|/æ/ | |||
|[ə] | |||
|- | |||
|/ɔ/ | |||
|[ɞ] | |||
|- | |||
|/œ̃/ | |||
|[ə̃] | |||
|} | |||
==Orthography== | |||
{{PAGENAME}} orthography is fairly conservative. | |||
[[Category:{{PAGENAME}}]] | |||
[[Category:Talmic languages]] | |||
[[Category:Pfeuno-K'aitian languages]] | |||