Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

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Bisyllabic roots which have as their second syllable an unstressed vowel between two consonants that may form an allowed cluster (thus sonorant-vowel-stop/fricative, except ''-m-velar'') lose this vowel while adding the suffix, e.g. ''hañilke'' > ''hūlñippu-'' ('''-ñl-''' → '''-lñ-''' is a fairly regular saṃdhi change).

====Participles====

Participles are formed by suffixing the appropriate set of participle endings to the stem. The set marks the tense/aspect combination; the stem may be in indicative, necessitative, desiderative, permissive, or potential mood, plus any secondary evidential mood.

The endings are (in patient-trigger/common voice):

* Present: exterior '''-susas''', ''-susam'', ''-susah'' — interior '''-sūnis''', ''-sūnim'', ''-sūneh''

* Aorist: exterior '''-kyas''', ''-kyam'', ''-kyah'' — interior '''-kinis''', ''-kinim'', ''-kineh''

* Perfect: exterior '''-cās''', ''-cām'', ''-cāh'' — interior '''-cænas''', ''-cænam'', ''-cænah''

* Future: exterior '''-iṣvas''', ''-iṣvam'', ''-iṣvah'' — interior '''-iṣunis''', ''-iṣunim'', ''-iṣuneh''

Voice endings are inserted after the participle, but after all prefixes in prefixed stems. Saṃdhi is fairly regular, but direct case ''-s'' is deleted except with the dative-trigger affix. Examples: ''męlьsusas'', ''męlьsusaça'' but ''primęlьsusas'', ''priçamęlьsusas''.

Note that voice endings, if final, are always at the end, even if the participle is inflected for case: direct ''męlьsusakæ'' (the one benefacted by giving) but dative ''męlьsusuikæ'' (to the one benefacted by giving).

====The verb "to be" (gyake)====

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 Bisyllabic roots which have as their second syllable an unstressed vowel between two consonants that may form an allowed cluster (thus sonorant-vowel-stop/fricative, except ''-m-velar'') lose this vowel while adding the suffix, e.g. ''hañilke'' > ''hūlñippu-'' ('''-ñl-''' → '''-lñ-''' is a fairly regular saṃdhi change).
+====Participles====
+Participles are formed by suffixing the appropriate set of participle endings to the stem. The set marks the tense/aspect combination; the stem may be in indicative, necessitative, desiderative, permissive, or potential mood, plus any secondary evidential mood.
+The endings are (in patient-trigger/common voice):
+* Present: exterior '''-susas''', ''-susam'', ''-susah'' — interior '''-sūnis''', ''-sūnim'', ''-sūneh''
+* Aorist: exterior '''-kyas''', ''-kyam'', ''-kyah'' — interior '''-kinis''', ''-kinim'', ''-kineh''
+* Perfect: exterior '''-cās''', ''-cām'', ''-cāh'' — interior '''-cænas''', ''-cænam'', ''-cænah''
+* Future: exterior '''-iṣvas''', ''-iṣvam'', ''-iṣvah'' — interior '''-iṣunis''', ''-iṣunim'', ''-iṣuneh''
+Voice endings are inserted after the participle, but after all prefixes in prefixed stems. Saṃdhi is fairly regular, but direct case ''-s'' is deleted except with the dative-trigger affix. Examples: ''męlьsusas'', ''męlьsusaça'' but ''primęlьsusas'', ''priçamęlьsusas''.
+Note that voice endings, if final, are always at the end, even if the participle is inflected for case: direct ''męlьsusakæ'' (the one benefacted by giving) but dative ''męlьsusuikæ'' (to the one benefacted by giving).
 ====The verb "to be" (gyake)====