Af Mexee: Difference between revisions

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Derivational morphology

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====Negation Particles====

The negation particles are ''ma, an, ha,'' and ''ya''. Each of these serves a different function.

*''ma'' is the default negation particle in main clauses and is used for the indicative. e.g. ''ma qapi'' "I do not have".It can combine to clitic subject pronouns:

**''ma'' + ''an(an)'' → ''maan(an)'' (for ''(an)'', see the next point)

**''ma'' + ''ad/athan'' → ''maad/maathan''

**''ma'' + ''us(an)'' → ''maws(an)''

**''ma'' + ''ish(an)'' → ''maysh(an)''

**''ma'' + ''un(an)'' → ''mawn(an)''

**''ma'' + ''isin(an)'' → ''maysin(an)''

**''ma'' + ''isho(n)'' → ''maysho(n)''

*''an'' has two functions:

**It is used to form negative subject pronouns, which replace clitic subjects in negative clauses. e.g. ''ma anan qapin'' "I did not have", compare ''an qapi'' "I had". In this usage, ''an'' is optional and may be dropped - e.g. ''ma an qapin''. It combines to clitic subjects:

***''ad'' + ''an'' → ''athan''

***''isho'' + ''an'' → ''ishon''

***The rest simply add ''-an'' - i.e. ''anan, usan, ishan, unan, isinan''

**It is also used as the sole negation particle in subordinate clauses. Since negation is shown on the verb, it is also optional here. e.g. ''ninkii (an) af soomaali aqiin'' "the man who does not know Somali". Note that in this usage, ''an'' prefers clause-initial position (although something like ''ninkii af soomaali an aqiin'' would not be incorrect).

*''ha'' is used in the negative imperative. e.g. ''ha bixin'' "don't leave".

*''ya'' is used to negate the jussive. e.g. ''ya usan bixin'' "don't let him leave"

===Adjectives===

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 Derivational morphology
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+====Negation Particles====
+The negation particles are ''ma, an, ha,'' and ''ya''. Each of these serves a different function.
+*''ma'' is the default negation particle in main clauses and is used for the indicative. e.g. ''ma qapi'' "I do not have".It can combine to clitic subject pronouns:
+**''ma'' + ''an(an)'' → ''maan(an)'' (for ''(an)'', see the next point)
+**''ma'' + ''ad/athan'' → ''maad/maathan''
+**''ma'' + ''us(an)'' → ''maws(an)''
+**''ma'' + ''ish(an)'' → ''maysh(an)''
+**''ma'' + ''un(an)'' → ''mawn(an)''
+**''ma'' + ''isin(an)'' → ''maysin(an)''
+**''ma'' + ''isho(n)'' → ''maysho(n)''
+*''an'' has two functions:
+**It is used to form negative subject pronouns, which replace clitic subjects in negative clauses. e.g. ''ma <b>anan</b> qapin'' "I did not have", compare ''<b>an</b> qapi'' "I had". In this usage, ''an'' is optional and may be dropped - e.g. ''ma <b>an</b> qapin''. It combines to clitic subjects:
+***''ad'' + ''an'' → ''athan''
+***''isho'' + ''an'' → ''ishon''
+***The rest simply add ''-an'' - i.e. ''anan, usan, ishan, unan, isinan''
+**It is also used as the sole negation particle in subordinate clauses. Since negation is shown on the verb, it is also optional here. e.g. ''ninkii (an) af soomaali aqiin'' "the man who does not know Somali". Note that in this usage, ''an'' prefers clause-initial position (although something like ''ninkii af soomaali <b>an</b> aqiin'' would not be incorrect).
+*''ha'' is used in the negative imperative. e.g. ''ha bixin'' "don't leave".
+*''ya'' is used to negate the jussive. e.g. ''ya usan bixin'' "don't let him leave"
 ===Adjectives===