Chlouvānem: Difference between revisions

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Positional prefixes can be used to derive new, more specific verbs, from other ones; [[Chlouvānem#Positional_prefixes_as_derivational_affixes|see the section under ''Positional verbs'' for more.]]

Prefixes are a common way to form many specific forms of verbs, especially related to how much or how an action is carried out. As all of these derive verbs from other verbs, only the root is given in examples:

'''ñavu-''' ('''ñau-''' before a nasal, '''v''' or '''r''') forms verbs meaning "a bit more than needed". Verbs whose root has ''ṛ'' as the main vowel do not ablaut and always have middle-grade ''ar'':

* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''ñavudar-'' (to do something a bit more than needed)

* ''vald-'' (to open) → ''ñauvald-'' (to open a bit more than needed)

* ''ϑlun-'' (to go, walk (monod.)) → ''ñavuϑlun-'' (to walk somewhat further ahead than needed)

'''vīvai-''' forms verbs meaning "too much"; verbs with ''ṛ'' always have ''ar'' and are non-ablauting:

* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''vīvaidar-'' (to do something too much)

* ''pugl-'' (to sleep) → ''vīvaipugl-'' (to sleep too much)

* ''ϑlun-'' (to go, walk (monod.)) → ''vīvaiϑlun-'' (to walk too much ahead)

'''trān-''' ('''trā-''' before voiced stops, nasals, or '''r'''; it combines with a following ''y'' to form ''trāñ-'') forms verbs of repetition or continuative actions, or "to keep X-ing"; verbs with ''ṛ'' always have ''ar'' and are non-ablauting:

* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''trādar-'' (to do something repetitively, to keep doing something)

* ''yųl-'' (to eat) → ''trāñųl-'' (to eat repetitively, to keep eating)

* ''khlu-'' (to search, look for) → ''trālkhlu-'' (to keep searching)

'''yavi-''' ('''yav-''' before '''y''') forms resultative verbs, with the meaning of "to finish X-ing" or "to X everything":

* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''yavidṛ'' (to finish, complete (transitive))

* ''yųl-'' (to eat) → ''yavyųl'' (to finish eating; to eat everything)

* ''mūmik-'' (to dance) → ''yavimūmik'' (to finish dancing; ''idiomatic:'' to start working, to get back to work)

'''tæ(m)-''' forms mainly dynamic verbs from stative ones (being often synonymous with their causative patientive forms) and from adjectives. It is also used with nouns, forming verbs with the meaning of "to become a(n) X":

* ''murkas'' (black) → ''tæmurk-'' (to become black; ''causative:'' to make/paint something black)

* ''jāyim'' (girl) → ''tæjāyim-'' (to become a girl)

* ''būṃṣ-'' (to be dry; ''causative:'' to dry something) → ''tæmbūṃṣ-'' (to become dry; ''causative:'' to dry something (rarely used))

====Compounding====

@@ Line 998: / Line 998: @@
 Positional prefixes can be used to derive new, more specific verbs, from other ones; [[Chlouvānem#Positional_prefixes_as_derivational_affixes|see the section under ''Positional verbs'' for more.]]
+Prefixes are a common way to form many specific forms of verbs, especially related to how much or how an action is carried out. As all of these derive verbs from other verbs, only the root is given in examples:<br/>
+'''ñavu-''' ('''ñau-''' before a nasal, '''v''' or '''r''') forms verbs meaning "a bit more than needed". Verbs whose root has ''ṛ'' as the main vowel do not ablaut and always have middle-grade ''ar'':
+* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''ñavudar-'' (to do something a bit more than needed)
+* ''vald-'' (to open) → ''ñauvald-'' (to open a bit more than needed)
+* ''ϑlun-'' (to go, walk (monod.)) → ''ñavuϑlun-'' (to walk somewhat further ahead than needed)
+'''vīvai-''' forms verbs meaning "too much"; verbs with ''ṛ'' always have ''ar'' and are non-ablauting:
+* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''vīvaidar-'' (to do something too much)
+* ''pugl-'' (to sleep) → ''vīvaipugl-'' (to sleep too much)
+* ''ϑlun-'' (to go, walk (monod.)) → ''vīvaiϑlun-'' (to walk too much ahead)
+'''trān-''' ('''trā-''' before voiced stops, nasals, or '''r'''; it combines with a following ''y'' to form ''trāñ-'') forms verbs of repetition or continuative actions, or "to keep X-ing"; verbs with ''ṛ'' always have ''ar'' and are non-ablauting:
+* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''trādar-'' (to do something repetitively, to keep doing something)
+* ''yųl-'' (to eat) → ''trāñųl-'' (to eat repetitively, to keep eating)
+* ''khlu-'' (to search, look for) → ''trālkhlu-'' (to keep searching)
+'''yavi-''' ('''yav-''' before '''y''') forms resultative verbs, with the meaning of "to finish X-ing" or "to X everything":
+* ''dṛ-'' (to do) → ''yavidṛ'' (to finish, complete (transitive))
+* ''yųl-'' (to eat) → ''yavyųl'' (to finish eating; to eat everything)
+* ''mūmik-'' (to dance) → ''yavimūmik'' (to finish dancing; <small>''idiomatic:''</small> to start working, to get back to work)
+'''tæ(m)-''' forms mainly dynamic verbs from stative ones (being often synonymous with their causative patientive forms) and from adjectives. It is also used with nouns, forming verbs with the meaning of "to become a(n) X":
+* ''murkas'' (black) → ''tæmurk-'' (to become black; <small>''causative:''</small> to make/paint something black)
+* ''jāyim'' (girl) → ''tæjāyim-'' (to become a girl)
+* ''būṃṣ-'' (to be dry; <small>''causative:''</small> to dry something) → ''tæmbūṃṣ-'' (to become dry; <small>''causative:''</small> to dry something (rarely used))
 ====Compounding====