Rinap: Difference between revisions
| Line 370: | Line 370: | ||
Verbs have two participle forms, present active and past, former formed with suffix 'infinitive-(i)ba' and latter with circumfix 'na(n)-infinitive-t'. The present participle can be used as an attributive verb with nouns: 'wy mub breliba' 'a running man'. When forming the past participle, three-syllable words are favoured so last vowels are sometimes omitted: for example 'benupe' → 'nabenu(p)t' ('travel' → 'travelled'). | Verbs have two participle forms, present active and past, former formed with suffix 'infinitive-(i)ba' and latter with circumfix 'na(n)-infinitive-t'. The present participle can be used as an attributive verb with nouns: 'wy mub breliba' 'a running man'. When forming the past participle, three-syllable words are favoured so last vowels are sometimes omitted: for example 'benupe' → 'nabenu(p)t' ('travel' → 'travelled'). | ||
===Tenses=== | ===Tenses and aspects=== | ||
Rinap has three tenses, present, past and future, all of which can be formed by conjugation and suffixes. There are also three aspects for those: simple, continuous (progressive) and perfect. | |||
First conjugated forms of verb 'brel' meaning 'to run' and irregular 'ney' 'to be': | First conjugated forms of verb 'brel' meaning 'to run' and irregular 'ney' 'to be': | ||
| Line 382: | Line 384: | ||
! style="width: 75px; " | 3rd plural | ! style="width: 75px; " | 3rd plural | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" | Present | ! style="" | Present simple | ||
| brelem | | brelem | ||
| breleh | | breleh | ||
| Line 390: | Line 392: | ||
| brelomho | | brelomho | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" | | ! style="" | Past simple | ||
| brelom | | brelom | ||
| breleni | | breleni | ||
| Line 398: | Line 400: | ||
| brelomhi | | brelomhi | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" | Present | ! style="" | Present simple | ||
| neym | | neym | ||
| neyh | | neyh | ||
| Line 406: | Line 408: | ||
| neuho | | neuho | ||
|- | |- | ||
! style="" | | ! style="" | Past simple | ||
| mein | | mein | ||
| neyni | | neyni | ||
| Line 414: | Line 416: | ||
| neuhi | | neuhi | ||
|} | |} | ||
There are also some other 1st sg. m | Three forms of 'ney' are used for different genders: nei for feminine, ney for masculine and neo for neutral. There are also some other 1st sg. past forms beginning with 'm' ('meäp'='I' went and 'meal'='I had') which may come from combination of original simple past and 'mon' meaning 'then'. | ||
Future form can be constructed by adding '-ra' to the 3rd sg. form of a verb and then again conjugating: 'ney' → 'neora' for 'be' → 'will be' and 'dhyzo' → 'dhyzeram', 'to write' → 'I will write'. | |||
To | The present tense can be translated as both simple and continuous aspects of present, but if speaker wants to emphasize continuity, present particle can be used with the verb in present: 'Brelem' or 'Neym breliba' for 'I'm running.' To form past continuous (or imperfect), again present active particle can be used with conjugated simple past 'ney' similarly to English or by using 'urne' ('still') with verb in simple past: 'Mein breliba' or 'Brelom urne' both meaning 'I was running.' For the future, continuous aspect is formed similarly to that of past, but conjugated 'neora' ('will be') is used as the auxiliary verb: ''''Neoroho''' keol veo Grundet '''nepakiba'''.' 'Humans '''will be living''' on Grundet.' | ||
To create the three perfect aspects, present, past (or pluperfect) and future perfects, past participle form is used together with conjugated auxiliary verb 'ney' listed above: 'Neym kni gekhu päri nakholt.' 'I have built my house.' in which 'nakholt' is from 'khuol' meaning 'to build'. With 'ney' there is also a form 'nayh' for 'I/we have been', but it isn't used very often. Example of the future perfect: ''''Neorah''' phe mon '''natläsut'''.' 'You '''will have died''' then.' | |||
===Moods=== | ===Moods=== | ||