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Glommish: Difference between revisions

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|colspan="6"| ''kusen''
|colspan="6"| ''kusen''
|}
|}
Also: ''bióden, bód, buden'' 'offer, bid', ''biógen, bóg, bugen'' 'bow', ''fliógen, flóg, flugen'' 'fly', ''flión, fló, fluen'' 'flee, escape', ''friósen, frós, frusen'' 'freeze'
Also: ''bióden, bód, buden'' 'offer, bid', ''bióchen, bóch, buchen'' 'bow', ''flióchen, flóch, fluchen'' 'fly', ''flión, fló, fluen'' 'flee, escape', ''friósen, frós, frusen'' 'freeze'


=====Strong class 3=====
=====Strong class 3=====
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|}
|}


Also: ''biedžinen, biegan, biegunen'' 'begin'; ''drinken, drank, drunken'' 'drink'; ''finllen, fanll, funllen'' 'find'; ''grinden, grand, grunden'' 'grind'; ''rinen, ran, runen'' 'run'; ''springen, sprang, sprungen'' 'burst, explode'; ''singen, sang, sungen'' 'sing'; ''viarpen, varp, vurpen'' 'throw'; ''llringen, llrang, llrungen'' 'press, force, push through'
Also: ''biedžinen, biegan, biegunen'' 'begin'; ''drinken, drank, drunken'' 'drink'; ''finllen, fanll, funllen'' 'find'; ''grinden, grand, grunden'' 'grind'; ''rinen, ran, runen'' 'run'; ''springen, sprang, sprungen'' 'burst, explode'; ''singen, sang, sungen'' 'sing'; ''viarpen, varp, vurpen'' 'throw'; ''llringen, llrang, llrungen'' 'force someone'


=====Strong class 4=====
=====Strong class 4=====
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|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''biare'' || ''biarer'' || ''biarellь'' || ''biarem'' || ''biarell'' || ''biaren''  
| ''biare'' || ''biarer'' || ''biarellь'' || ''biarem'' || ''biarll'' || ''biaren''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''bierie'' || ''bieries'' || ''bierie'' ||  ''bieriem'' || ''bieriell'' || ''bierien''
| ''biare'' || ''biares'' || ''biare'' ||  ''biarem'' || ''biarll'' || ''biaren''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
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|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''biar!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''biarell!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''biar!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''biarll!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|
!colspan="7"|
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|colspan="6"| ''džaven''
|colspan="6"| ''džaven''
|}
|}
Also: ''driapen, drap, driapen'' 'hit, meet', ''ferdžaten, fergat, ferdžaten'' 'forget', ''liasen, las, liasen'' 'read', ''sión, só, sión'' 'see'. There are also the j-present verbs ''bidien, bad, biaden'' 'beg, pray', ''liadžen, lag, liagen'' 'lie'
Also: ''driapen, drap, driapen'' 'hit, meet', ''ferdžaten, fergat, ferdžaten'' 'forget', ''liasen, las, liasen'' 'read', ''sión, só, sión'' 'see'. There are also the j-present verbs ''bidien, bad, biaden'' 'beg, pray', ''liašen, lach, liachen'' 'lie'


=====Strong class 6=====
=====Strong class 6=====
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|colspan="6"| ''graven''
|colspan="6"| ''graven''
|}
|}
Also: ''faren, fár, faren'' 'spread', ''slagen, slág, slagen'' 'strike', ''standen, stánd, standen'' 'stand', ''vaksen, váks, vaksen'' 'grow', ''vasken, vásk, vasken'' 'wash', ''jaten, ját, jaten'' 'eat' (reclassified from class 5)
Also: ''faren, fár, faren'' 'spread', ''slachen, slách, slachen'' 'strike', ''standen, stánd, standen'' 'stand', ''vaksen, váks, vaksen'' 'grow', ''vasken, vásk, vasken'' 'wash', ''jaten, ját, jaten'' 'eat' (reclassified from class 5)


=====Strong class 7=====
=====Strong class 7=====
hēten, hīt, hīten - to be called
hýten, hít, híten - to be called


laupen, liaup, liaupen - to leap
lópen, lióp, liópen - to leap


sdauten, śdiaut, śdiauten - encounter
stóten, stiót, stióten - encounter


hald, hiald, hialden - to hold
halden, hiald, hialden - to hold


liāten, līt, liāten - to let
liáten, lít, liáten - to let


siān, siādie, siād - to sow (regularized)
sián, siádie, siád - to sow (regularized)


====Preterite-present verbs====
====Preterite-present verbs====
=====''witen'' 'to know'=====
=====''viten'' 'to know'=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''witen'' 'to know''''
|+ '''''viten'' 'to know''''
! tense || ''jac'' || ''zū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''jā''  
! tense || ''ik'' || ''llú'' || ''er/sí/it'' || ''vír'' || ''júr'' || ''í''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''wōt'' || ''wōsd'' || ''wōt'' || ''witam'' || ''witad'' || ''witan''  
| ''výt'' || ''výst'' || ''výt'' || ''vitem'' || ''vitell'' || ''viten''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''witi'' || ''witir'' || ''witi'' ||  ''witim'' || ''witid'' || ''witin''
| ''vite'' || ''vites'' || ''vite'' ||  ''vitem'' || ''vitell'' || ''viten''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''wiśdie'' || ''wiśdiesd'' || ''wiśdie'' || ''wiśdiem'' || ''wiśdied'' || ''wiśdien''  
| ''vistie'' || ''vistiest'' || ''vistie'' || ''vistiem'' || ''vistiell'' || ''vistien''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''wiśdi'' || ''wiśdisd'' || ''wiśdi'' || ''wiśdim'' || ''wiśdid'' || ''wiśdin''  
| ''vistie'' || ''vistiest'' || ''vistie'' || ''vistiem'' || ''vistiell'' || ''vistien''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''wit!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''witad!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''výt!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''vitell!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|
!colspan="7"|
|-
|-
! present participle
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''witend''
|colspan="6"| ''vitend''
|-
|-
! past participle
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''wisd''
|colspan="6"| ''vist''
|}
|}


=====''cunen'' 'can, be able to'=====
=====''kunen'' 'can, be able to'=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''cunen'' 'can''''
|+ '''''kunen'' 'can''''
! tense || ''jac'' || ''zū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''jā''  
! tense || ''ik'' || ''llú'' || ''er/sí/it'' || ''vír'' || ''júr'' || ''í''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''can'' || ''cansd'' || ''can'' || ''cunam'' || ''cunad'' || ''cunan''  
| ''kan'' || ''kanst'' || ''kan'' || ''kunem'' || ''kunll'' || ''kunen''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''cuni'' || ''cunir'' || ''cuni'' ||  ''cunim'' || ''cunid'' || ''cunin''
| ''kune'' || ''kunes'' || ''kune'' ||  ''kunem'' || ''kunell'' || ''kunen''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''cundie'' || ''cundiesd'' || ''cundie'' || ''cundiem'' || ''cundied'' || ''cundien''  
| ''kundie'' || ''kundiest'' || ''kundie'' || ''kundiem'' || ''kundiell'' || ''kundien''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''cundi'' || ''cundisd'' || ''cundi'' || ''cundim'' || ''cundid'' || ''cundin''  
| ''kundie'' || ''kundiest'' || ''kundie'' || ''kundiem'' || ''kundiell'' || ''kundien''  
|}
|}


Similarly ''sgulen'' 'should', ''zurfen'' 'have to'.
Similarly ''skulen'' 'should', ''llurfen'' 'have to'.


=====''magen'' 'may'=====
=====''máten'' 'may'=====
The present forms of this verb are derived from Gmc {{recon|''maganą''}} (~ Eng. ''may'', ''might''), and the past forms are from PGmc {{recon|''mōtaną''}} (~ Eng. ''must'').
This verb is derived from from PGmc {{recon|''mōtaną''}} (~ Eng. ''must'').
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''magen'' 'may''''
|+ '''''máten'' 'may''''
! tense || ''jac'' || ''zū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''jā''  
! tense || ''ik'' || ''llú'' || ''er/sí/it'' || ''vír'' || ''júr'' || ''í''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''mag'' || ''magsd'' || ''mag'' || ''muogam'' || ''muogad'' || ''muogan''  
| ''mát'' || ''mást'' || ''mát'' || ''mátem'' || ''mátell'' || ''máten''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''magi'' || ''magir'' || ''magi'' ||  ''magim'' || ''magid'' || ''magin''
| ''máte'' || ''mátes'' || ''mát'' ||  ''mátem'' || ''mátell'' || ''máten''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''māsdie'' || ''māsdiesd'' || ''māsdie'' || ''māsdiem'' || ''māsdied'' || ''māsdien''  
| ''mástie'' || ''mástiest'' || ''mástie'' || ''mástiem'' || ''mástiell'' || ''mástien''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''māsdi'' || ''māsdisd'' || ''māsdi'' || ''māsdim'' || ''māsdid'' || ''māsdin''  
| ''mástie'' || ''mástiest'' || ''mástie'' || ''mástiem'' || ''mástiell'' || ''mástien''  
|}
|}


====Other irregular verbs====
====Other irregular verbs====
=====''wilen'' 'want to, will'=====
=====''vín'' 'want to, will'=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''wilen'' 'want to, will''''
|+ '''''vín'' 'want to, will''''
! tense || ''jac'' || ''zū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''jā''  
! tense || ''ik'' || ''llú'' || ''er/sí/it'' || ''vír'' || ''júr'' || ''í''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''wī'' || ''wīsd'' || ''wī'' || ''wīm'' || ''wīd'' || ''wīn''  
| ''ví'' || ''vír'' || ''ví'' || ''vím'' || ''víll'' || ''vín''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''wili'' || ''wilir'' || ''wili'' ||  ''wilim'' || ''wilid'' || ''wilin''
| ''ví'' || ''vís'' || ''vím'' ||  ''vím'' || ''víll'' || ''vín''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''wildie'' || ''wildiesd'' || ''wildie'' || ''wildiem'' || ''wildied'' || ''wildien''  
| ''vildie'' || ''vildiest'' || ''vildie'' || ''vildiem'' || ''vildied'' || ''vildien''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''wildi'' || ''wildisd'' || ''wildi'' || ''wildim'' || ''wildid'' || ''wildin''  
| ''vildie'' || ''vildiest'' || ''vildie'' || ''vildiem'' || ''vildied'' || ''vildien''  
|}
|}


=====''biaun'' 'be'=====
=====''bión'' 'be'=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''biaun'' 'to be''''
|+ '''''bión'' 'to be''''
! tense || ''jac'' || ''zū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''jā''  
! tense || ''ik'' || ''llú'' || ''er/sí/it'' || ''vír'' || ''júr'' || ''í''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''im'' || ''ir'' || ''iś'' || ''wiram'' || ''wirad'' || ''wiranź''  
| ''em'' || ''ir'' || ''isь'' || ''bióm'' || ''bióll'' || ''bión''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''sije'' || ''sijer'' || ''sije'' ||  ''sijem'' || ''sijed'' || ''sijen''
| ''sí'' || ''sís'' || ''sí'' ||  ''sím'' || ''síll'' || ''sín''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''was'' || ''wasd'' || ''was'' || ''wiēram'' || ''wiērad'' || ''wiēran''  
| ''vas'' || ''vast'' || ''vas'' || ''viárem'' || ''viárll'' || ''viáren''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''wiēri'' || ''wiērisd'' || ''wiēri'' || ''wiērim'' || ''wiērid'' || ''wiērin''  
| ''viérie'' || ''viériest'' || ''viérie'' || ''viériem'' || ''viériell'' || ''viérien''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''biau!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''biaud!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''bió!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''bióll!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|
!colspan="7"|
|-
|-
! present participle
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''wiesend''
|colspan="6"| ''biónd''
|-
|-
! past participle
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''wiēren''
|colspan="6"| ''viáren''
|}
|}


=====''han'' 'have (auxiliary)'=====
=====''dán'' 'do'=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''han'' 'to have (auxiliary)''''
|+ '''''dán'' 'to do''''
! tense || ''jac'' || ''zū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''jā''  
! tense || ''ik'' || ''zú'' || ''er/sí/it'' || ''vír'' || ''júr'' || ''í''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''ha'' || ''haś'' || ''haź'' || ''ham'' || ''haz'' || ''hanź''  
| ''dá'' || ''dár'' || ''dállь'' || ''dám'' || ''dáll'' || ''dán''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''hafe'' || ''hafis'' || ''hafi'' ||  ''hafim'' || ''hafiz'' || ''hafin''
| ''dá'' || ''dás'' || ''dá'' ||  ''dám'' || ''dáll'' || ''dán''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''hadie'' || ''hadiesd'' || ''hadie'' || ''hadiem'' || ''hadied'' || ''hadien''
| ''dié'' || ''diést'' || ''dié'' || ''diém'' || ''diéll'' || ''dién''  
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''hadi'' || ''hadisd'' || ''hadi'' || ''hadim'' || ''hadid'' || ''hadin''
|-
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''ha!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''haz!'' || ''-''
|-
!colspan="7"|
|-
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''hafind''
|-
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''had''
|}
 
=====''dān'' 'do'=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''dān'' 'to do''''
! tense || ''jac'' || ''zū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''jā''
|-
! present indicative
| ''dā'' || ''dāś'' || ''dāź'' || ''dām'' || ''dāz'' || ''dānź''
|-
! present subjunctive
| ''dā'' || ''dās'' || ''dā'' ||  ''dām'' || ''dāz'' || ''dān''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''diadie'' || ''diadiesd'' || ''diadie'' || ''diadiem'' || ''diadied'' || ''diadien''
| ''dié'' || ''diést'' || ''dié'' || ''diém'' || ''diéll'' || ''dién''  
|-
! past subjunctive
| ''diadi'' || ''diadisd'' || ''diadi'' || ''diadim'' || ''diadid'' || ''diadin''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
| ''-'' || ''dā!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''dāz!'' || ''-''  
| ''-'' || ''dá!'' || ''-'' || ''-'' || ''dáll!'' || ''-''  
|-
|-
!colspan="7"|
!colspan="7"|
|-
|-
! present participle
! present participle
|colspan="6"| ''dānd''
|colspan="6"| ''dánd''
|-
|-
! past participle
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''dān''
|colspan="6"| ''dán''
|}
|}


=====''gān'' 'go'=====
=====''gán'' 'go'=====
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" width=500px
|+ '''''gān'' 'to go''''
|+ '''''gán'' 'to go''''
! tense || ''jac'' || ''zū'' || ''ir/sī/it'' || ''wīr'' || ''jūr'' || ''jā''  
! tense || ''ik'' || ''zú'' || ''er/sí/it'' || ''vír'' || ''júr'' || ''í''  
|-
|-
! present indicative
! present indicative
| ''gā'' || ''gāś'' || ''gāź'' || ''gām'' || ''gāz'' || ''gānź''  
| ''gá'' || ''gár'' || ''gāllь'' || ''gám'' || ''gáll'' || ''gán''  
|-
|-
! present subjunctive
! present subjunctive
| ''gā'' || ''gās'' || ''gā'' ||  ''gām'' || ''gāz'' || ''gān''
| ''gá'' || ''gás'' || ''gá'' ||  ''gám'' || ''gáll'' || ''gán''
|-
|-
! past indicative
! past indicative
| ''giang'' || ''giangsd'' || ''giang'' || ''giangam'' || ''giangad'' || ''giangan''  
| ''džang'' || ''džangst'' || ''džang'' || ''džangem'' || ''džangll'' || ''džangen''  
|-
|-
! past subjunctive
! past subjunctive
| ''giangi'' || ''giangisd'' || ''giangi'' || ''giangim'' || ''giangid'' || ''giangin''  
| ''džendže'' || ''džendžest'' || ''džendže'' || ''džendžem'' || ''džendžell'' || ''džendžen''  
|-
|-
! imperative
! imperative
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|-
|-
! past participle
! past participle
|colspan="6"| ''giangen''
|colspan="6"| ''džangen''
|}
|}


Also: ''fān'' - to get, to obtain
Also: ''fán'' - to get, to obtain


==Syntax==
==Syntax==
[[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:Lõis]]
[[Category:Germanic languages]][[Category:Lõis]]
Retrieved from "https://duo.linguifex.com/wiki/Glommish"