Mirmio: Difference between revisions

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{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! colspan="3" rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |Bilabial
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Bilabial_consonant|Bilabial]]
! colspan="2" |Coronal
! colspan="2" |[[w:Coronal_consonant|Coronal]]
! rowspan="2" |Palatal
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Palatal_consonant|Palatal]]
! colspan="2" |Velar
! colspan="2" |[[w:Velar_consonant|Velar]]
! rowspan="2" |Guttural
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Guttural_consonant|Guttural]]
|-
|-
!Plain
!Plain
!Labialized
![[w:Labialized_consonant|Labialized]]
!Plain
!Plain
!Labialized
![[w:Labialized_consonant|Labialized]]
|-
|-
! colspan="3" |Nasal
! colspan="3" |[[w:Nasal_consonant|Nasal]]
|m (m)
|[[w:ʲ|mʲ]]
|n̼ (n)
|[[w:Voiced_linguolabial_nasal|n̼]]
|
|
|ɲ (nj)
|[[w:IPA_ɲ|ɲ]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="3" |Stop
! rowspan="3" |[[w:Stop_consonant|Stop]]
! colspan="2" |Aspirate
! colspan="2" |[[w:Aspirated_consonant|Aspirated]]
|pʰ (p)
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|pʲʰ]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|kʷʰ (kv)
|[[w:aspirated_consonant|kʷʰ]]
|
|
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Tenuis
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Tenuis_consonant|Tenuis]]
!Median
![[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|p (b)
|[[w:ʲ|pʲ]]
|t͡ʃ (c)
|[[w:voiceless_alveopalatal_affricate|t͡ɕ]]
|t͡ʃʷ (cv)
|[[w:whistled_sibilant|t͡σ̠]]
|
|
|k (kj)
|[[w:ʲ|kʲ]]
|kʷ (gv)
|[[w:labialization|kʷ]]
|ʔ (q)
|[[w:IPA_ʔ|ʔ]]
|-
|-
!Lateral
![[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|
|t͡ɬ (x)
|[[w:voiceless_alveolar_lateral_affricate|t͡ɬ]]
|t͡ɬʷ (xv)
|[[Tłkaw|t͡ɬʷ]]
|
|
|
|
Line 55: Line 55:
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Fricative
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Fricative_consonant|Fricative]]
!Median
! colspan="2" |[[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|
|
|θ̼ ð̼ (f d)
|[[w:θ̼|θ̼]] [[w:ð̼|ð̼]]
|
|
|ç (hj)
|[[w:IPA_ç|ç]]
|x (h)
|[[w:IPA_x|x]]
|
|
|χ (kh)
|[[w:IPA_χ|χ]]
|-
|-
!Lateral
! colspan="2" |[[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|
|ɬ (l)
|[[w:IPA_ɬ|ɬ]]
|ɬʷ (lv)
|[[w:labialization|ɬʷ]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="2" rowspan="2" |Glide
! rowspan="2" |[[w:Approximant_consonant|Approximant]]
!Median
! colspan="2" |[[w:Median_consonant|Median]]
|ɥ (yv)
|[[w:IPA_ɥ|ɥ]]
|ɹ (rj)
|[[w:ʲ|ɹʲ]]
|
|
|j (y)
|[[w:IPA_j|j]]
|ɰ (g)
|[[w:IPA_ɰ|ɰ]]
|w (w)
|[[w:IPA_w|w]]
|
|
|-
|-
!Lateral
! colspan="2" |[[w:Lateral_consonant|Lateral]]
|
|
|l (lj)
|[[w:ʲ|lʲ]]
|
|
|
|
Line 93: Line 93:
|
|
|-
|-
! colspan="3" |Flap
! colspan="3" |[[w:Flap_consonant|Flap]]
|
|
|ɽ (r)
|[[w:IPA_ɽ|ɽ]]
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
|}
|}ɽ > ⁿɾ̼ / V_V
/m pʰ p t͡ʃ t͡ʃʷ k ɹ l/ are phonetically [mʲ pʲʰ pʲ t͡ɕ t͡σ̠ kʲ ɹʲ lʲ].
 
ɽ > ⁿɾ̼ / V_V


t͡ɬ t͡ɬʷ t͡σ̠ t͡ɕ > t͡l̥ t͡l̥ d͡ƍ₋ d͡ʑ / #_ !”_
t͡ɬ t͡ɬʷ t͡σ̠ t͡ɕ > t͡l̥ t͡l̥ d͡ƍ₋ d͡ʑ / #_ !”_
Line 111: Line 108:


/kʷʰ/ and /kʷ/ do not appear before front vowels.
/kʷʰ/ and /kʷ/ do not appear before front vowels.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!IPA
!/mʲ/
!/n̼/
!/ɲ/
!/pʲʰ/
!/kʷʰ/
!/pʲ/
!/t͡ɕ/
!/t͡σ̠/
!/kʲ/
!/kʷ/
!/ʔ/
!/t͡ɬ/
!/t͡ɬʷ/
!/θ̼/
!/ð̼/
!/ç/
!/x/
!/χ/
!/ɬ/
!/ɬʷ/
!/ɥ/
!/ɹʲ/
!/j/
!/ɰ/
!/w/
!/lʲ/
!/ɽ/
|-
!Romanization
|m
|n
|nj
|p
|kv
|b
|c
|cv
|kj
|gv
|q
|x
|xv
|f
|d
|hj
|h
|kh
|l
|lv
|wj
|rj
|y
|g
|w
|l
|r
|}
=== Vowels ===
=== Vowels ===
{| class="wikitable"
{| class="wikitable"
! rowspan="2" |
! rowspan="2" |
! colspan="2" |Front
! colspan="2" |[[w:front_vowel|Front]]
! colspan="2" |Central
! colspan="2" |[[w:Central_vowel|Central]]
! colspan="3" |Back
! colspan="3" |[[w:Back_vowel|Back]]
|-
|-
!Oral
![[w:Oral_vowel|Oral]]
!Nasal
![[w:nasal_vowel|Nasal]]
!Oral
![[w:Oral_vowel|Oral]]
!Nasal
![[w:nasal_vowel|Nasal]]
!Oral
![[w:Oral_vowel|Oral]]
!Nasal
![[w:nasal_vowel|Nasal]]
!+RTR
![[w:retracted_tongue_root|+RTR]]
|-
|-
!High
![[w:Close_vowel|Close]]
|i (i)
|[[w:IPA_i|i]]
|ĩ (ĩ)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ĩ]]
|ʉ (ü)
|[[w:Close_central_rounded_vowel#Near-close_central_protruded_vowel|ᵿ]]
|ʉ (û)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ᵿ̃]]
|u (u)
|[[w:IPA_ʊ|ʊ]]
|ũ (ũ)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ʊ̃]]
|u̙ (ŭ)
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|u̙]]
|-
|-
!Mid
![[w:mid_vowel|Mid]]
|e (e)
|[[w:IPA_e|e]]
|ẽ (ẽ)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ẽ]]
|ɜ (ä)
|[[w:IPA_ɜ|ɜ]]
|ɜ̃ (â)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|ɜ̃]]
|o (o)
|[[w:IPA_o|o]]
|õ (õ)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|õ]]
|o̙ (ŏ)
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|o̙]]
|-
|-
!Open
![[w:open_vowel|Open]]
|a (a)
|[[w:IPA_æ|æ]]
|ã (ã)
|[[w:nasal_vowel|æ̃]]
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|a̙ (ă)
|[[w:retracted_tongue_root|æ̙]]
|}
|}
/ʉ u u̙ o̙ a a̙/ and their nasal and tonal counterparts are phonetically [ʊ̈ ʊ ʊ̙ ɔ̙̈ æ æ̙].
/o̙/ and its tonal counterparts are phonetically [ɔ̙̈].


Any two vowels can form a diphthong as long as they are both oral or both nasal.
Any two vowels can form a diphthong as long as they are both oral or both nasal.


Nasal vowel harmony occurs regresssively. +RTR vowels are opaque oral vowels. There is no tie to the presence or absence of nasal consonants.
Nasal vowel harmony occurs regresssively. +RTR vowels are opaque oral vowels. There is no tie to the presence or absence of nasal consonants.
 
{| class="wikitable"
|-
!IPA
!/i/
!/ĩ/
!/ʉ/
!/ʉ̃/
!/u/
!/ũ/
!/u̙/
!/e/
!/ẽ/
!/ɜ/
!/ɜ̃/
!/o/
!/õ/
!/o̙/
!/a/
!/ã/
!/a̙/
|-
!Romanization
|i
|ĩ
|ü
|û
|u
|ũ
|ŭ
|e
|ẽ
|ä
|â
|o
|õ
|ŏ
|a
|ã
|ă
|}
=== Tones ===
=== Tones ===
There are four phonemic tones: rising (a’), falling (at), dipping (aj), and peaking (av), but there is also tonelessness (a). Long vowels cannot have tone. Coda sonorants can receive tone, but not if the nucleus does not have a tone. If one coda sonorant has tone, all of that syllable's coda sonorants must also have tone. Diphthongs can receive the same tones as monophthongs. One syllable cannot have more than two tonal morae.  
There are four phonemic tones: rising (as), falling (at), dipping (aj), and peaking (av), but there is also tonelessness (a). Long vowels cannot have tone. Coda sonorants can receive tone, but not if the nucleus does not have a tone. If one coda sonorant has tone, all of that syllable's coda sonorants must also have tone. Diphthongs can receive the same tones as monophthongs. One syllable cannot have more than two tonal morae.  


=== Morae ===
=== Morae ===

Revision as of 21:31, 26 March 2026

Mirmio [mʲiɽ˨˦˨.mʲi͡o], also spelled Mivrmio, is an artistic language.

Phonology

Consonants

Bilabial Coronal Palatal Velar Guttural
Plain Labialized Plain Labialized
Nasal mʲ n̼ ɲ
Stop Aspirated pʲʰ kʷʰ
Tenuis Median pʲ t͡ɕ t͡σ̠ kʲ kʷ ʔ
Lateral t͡ɬ t͡ɬʷ
Fricative Median θ̼ ð̼ ç x χ
Lateral ɬ ɬʷ
Approximant Median ɥ ɹʲ j ɰ w
Lateral lʲ
Flap ɽ

ɽ > ⁿɾ̼ / V_V

t͡ɬ t͡ɬʷ t͡σ̠ t͡ɕ > t͡l̥ t͡l̥ d͡ƍ₋ d͡ʑ / #_ !”_

t͡ɬ t͡ɬʷ t͡σ̠ t͡ɕ > t͡ɬʰ t͡ɬʷʰ t͡σ̠ʰ t͡ɕʰ / ”_ !#_

/kʷʰ/ and /kʷ/ do not appear before front vowels.

IPA /mʲ/ /n̼/ /ɲ/ /pʲʰ/ /kʷʰ/ /pʲ/ /t͡ɕ/ /t͡σ̠/ /kʲ/ /kʷ/ /ʔ/ /t͡ɬ/ /t͡ɬʷ/ /θ̼/ /ð̼/ /ç/ /x/ /χ/ /ɬ/ /ɬʷ/ /ɥ/ /ɹʲ/ /j/ /ɰ/ /w/ /lʲ/ /ɽ/
Romanization m n nj p kv b c cv kj gv q x xv f d hj h kh l lv wj rj y g w l r

Vowels

Front Central Back
Oral Nasal Oral Nasal Oral Nasal +RTR
Close i ĩ ᵿ ᵿ̃ ʊ ʊ̃ u̙
Mid e ẽ ɜ ɜ̃ o õ o̙
Open æ æ̃ æ̙

/o̙/ and its tonal counterparts are phonetically [ɔ̙̈].

Any two vowels can form a diphthong as long as they are both oral or both nasal.

Nasal vowel harmony occurs regresssively. +RTR vowels are opaque oral vowels. There is no tie to the presence or absence of nasal consonants.

IPA /i/ /ĩ/ /ʉ/ /ʉ̃/ /u/ /ũ/ /u̙/ /e/ /ẽ/ /ɜ/ /ɜ̃/ /o/ /õ/ /o̙/ /a/ /ã/ /a̙/
Romanization i ĩ ü û u ũ ŭ e ẽ ä â o õ ŏ a ã ă

Tones

There are four phonemic tones: rising (as), falling (at), dipping (aj), and peaking (av), but there is also tonelessness (a). Long vowels cannot have tone. Coda sonorants can receive tone, but not if the nucleus does not have a tone. If one coda sonorant has tone, all of that syllable's coda sonorants must also have tone. Diphthongs can receive the same tones as monophthongs. One syllable cannot have more than two tonal morae.

Morae

The language uses morae rather than syllables. One vowel in a nucleus counts as one mora. Onset consonants count as 0 morae. Each coda consonant counts as one mora. Sonorants that follow an obstruent in intrasyllabic clusters are allophonically preceded by an extra-short vowel.

Lexicon

kjŏut [kʲɔ̙͡u̯˥˩] (dog)

mivr [mʲiɽ˨˦˨] (cat)

mio [mʲi͡o] (speak)

nõh [n̼õx] (want)

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