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{{Infobox language|image=|imagesize=|imagecaption=|name=Nga|nativename=|pronunciation=ŋɑ|pronunciation_key=|state=|setting=|created=2026|familycolor=Kamokynga<sup>[''controversial'']</sup>|creator=User:Suqi|era=|script=|nation=|map=|mapsize=|mapcaption=|notice=IPA}}'''Nga''' [ŋɑ], also splled as '''Ŋa''', is an artistic personal language of [[User:Suqi|Suqi]] that is heavily based around the compounding of monosyllabic root words to make new lexical items.
{{Infobox language|image=|imagesize=|imagecaption=|name=Nga|nativename=|pronunciation=ŋɑ|pronunciation_key=|state=|setting=|created=2026|familycolor=Kamokynga<sup>[''controversial'']</sup>|creator=User:Suqi|era=|script=|nation=|map=|mapsize=|mapcaption=|notice=IPA}}'''Nga''' [ngɑ] is an artistic personal language of [[User:Suqi|Suqi]] that is heavily based around the compounding of monosyllabic root words to make new lexical items.


== Phonology ==
== Phonology ==
Line 6: Line 6:


=== Vowel Harmony ===
=== Vowel Harmony ===
Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ue̯/ and back vowels include /u ɜ o ui̯ ɤi̯ oi̯ ou̯ uɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.
Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ue̯/ and back vowels include /ʉ ɜ o ui̯ ɤi̯ oi̯ ou̯ uɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.  


=== Allophony ===
=== Allophony ===
/u/ becomes [ᵿ] before /i/ in across a syllable boundary.
/ʉ/ becomes [u] if there are other harmonic back vowels in the word (excluding /ʉ ui̯/) unless immediately followed by /i/.
 
[ʉ] ranges between central [ʉ] and near-back [ü].


Geminated voiced plosives become instead prenasalized voiced plosives.
Geminated voiced plosives become instead prenasalized voiced plosives.
Line 19: Line 21:
=== Morphology ===
=== Morphology ===
==== Tense ====
==== Tense ====
Past Tense: -''ltu/-ltü'' [-ltu, -lty]
Past Tense: -''ltu/-ltü'' [-ltʉ~ltu, -lty]


Present Tense: -''khai'' [-khai̯]
Present Tense: -''khai'' [-khai̯]
Line 27: Line 29:
Irrealis: Ø
Irrealis: Ø


* Past Irrealis: ''oltu''- [oltu-]
* Past Irrealis: ''oltu''- [oltʉ~oltu-]
* Present Irrealis: ''okhai''- [okhai̯-]
* Present Irrealis: ''okhai''- [okhai̯-]
* Future Irrealis: ''omyi''- [omji-]
* Future Irrealis: ''omyi''- [omji-]
Line 34: Line 36:
There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object.
There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object.


Motile subject: ''-msu/-msü'' [-msu, -msy]
Motile subject: ''-msu/-msü'' [-msʉ~msu, -msy]


Present subject: -''ćto/ćtö'' [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø]
Present subject: -''ćto/ćtö'' [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø]
Line 52: Line 54:
|-
|-
!ku
!ku
|[ku]
|[kʉ]
|alone
|alone
| -
| -
Line 66: Line 68:
| -
| -
|-
|-
!ŋe
!nge
|[ŋe]
|[nge]
|clean
|clean
| -
| -
Line 84: Line 86:
|-
|-
!vu
!vu
|[βu]
|[βʉ]
|down
|down
| -
| -
Line 124: Line 126:
|-
|-
!tsu
!tsu
|[t͡su]
|[t͡sʉ]
|lightning
|lightning
| -
| -
Line 158: Line 160:
| -
| -
|-
|-
!ŋa
!nga
|[ŋɑ]
|[ngɑ]
|speak
|speak
| -
| -
Line 169: Line 171:
|-
|-
!mu
!mu
|[mu]
|[mʉ]
|together
|together
| -
| -
Line 184: Line 186:
The meaning of a compound word is not produced systematically, it has a significant degree of arbitrarity. Therefore, if two roots on their own form a compound with one meaning, those same roots in the same order become part of another compound word, they will not incorporate the meaning of their own compound, they will contribute to a new meaning with the other root(s). However, compound words can be compounded to other roots if the boundary between the two has a /G/ interfix. This interfix is the only place /G/ occurs in the language.
The meaning of a compound word is not produced systematically, it has a significant degree of arbitrarity. Therefore, if two roots on their own form a compound with one meaning, those same roots in the same order become part of another compound word, they will not incorporate the meaning of their own compound, they will contribute to a new meaning with the other root(s). However, compound words can be compounded to other roots if the boundary between the two has a /G/ interfix. This interfix is the only place /G/ occurs in the language.


Italicized compound components are themselves compounds.
==== Double-Compound Words ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="5" |Nga
! colspan="4" |Nga
! colspan="5" |English
! colspan="4" |English
|-
|-
! rowspan="2" |Word
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! colspan="2" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |Word
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! colspan="2" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
|-
|-
!1
!1
!2
!2
!3
!1
!1
!2
!2
!3
|-
|-
!ćevü
!ćevü
|će
|će
|vu
|vu
|
|[t͡ɕeβy]
|[t͡ɕeβy]
!ice melting
!ice melting
|ice
|ice
|down
|down
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 217: Line 215:
|fü
|fü
|vu
|vu
|
|[ɸyβy]
|[ɸyβy]
!snow melting
!snow melting
|snow
|snow
|down
|down
|
| -
| -
|-
!füvvüqa
|fü
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|[ɸyββyqɑ]
!snow cave-in
|snow
| colspan="2" |''tumble''
|Snow that is caving in.
|-
|-
!kuôi
!kuôi
|ku
|ku
|ôi
|ôi
|
|[kuɔi̯]
|[kuɔi̯]
!island
!island
|alone
|alone
|sea
|sea
|
| -
|-
!kuttsui
|ku
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[kutt͡sʉi]
!electron
|alone
| colspan="2" |''electric''
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 257: Line 233:
|ku
|ku
|yü
|yü
|
|[kʉjʉ]
|[kuju]
!light
!light
|alone
|alone
|light
|light
|
|A group of photons following the same trajectory
|A group of photons following the same trajectory
|-
!kuyyui
|ku
| colspan="2" |yü-i
|[kujjʉi]
!photon
|alone
| colspan="2" |''glint''
| -
|-
|-
!miće
!miće
|mi
|mi
|će
|će
|
|[mit͡ɕe]
|[mit͡ɕe]
!glass
!glass
|blank
|blank
|ice
|ice
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 288: Line 251:
|mi
|mi
|xo
|xo
|
|[mixø]
|[mixø]
!paper
!paper
|blank
|blank
|wood
|wood
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
!miŋe
!minge
|mi
|mi
|ŋe
|nge
|
|[minge]
|[miŋe]
!new
!new
|blank
|blank
|clean
|clean
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 310: Line 269:
|mo
|mo
|maa
|maa
|
|[momɑː]
|[momɑː]
!take
!take
|hold
|hold
|go
|go
|
|Instead means “bring” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|Instead means “bring” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|-
|-
Line 321: Line 278:
|mo
|mo
|ńi
|ńi
|
|[moɲi]
|[moɲi]
!bring
!bring
|hold
|hold
|come
|come
|
|Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
|-
|-
!mottsui
!muou
|mo
|mu
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|ou
|[mott͡sʉi]
|[muou̯]
!mobile device
!community
|hold
|together
| colspan="2" |''electric''
|person
| -
|-
!nati
|na
|ti
|[nɑti]
!tree
|plant
|tall
| -
| -
|-
|-
!ŋattsui
!ńiôi
|ŋa
|ńi
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|ôi
|[ŋɑtt͡sʉi]
|[ɲiɔi̯]
!phone
!flood
|speak
|come
| colspan="2" |''electric''
|sea
| Also means phone call.
| -
|-
|-
!ŋekü
!ngekü
|ŋe
|nge
|ku
|ku
|
|[ngeky]
|[ŋeky]
!clean
!clean
|clean
|clean
|alone
|alone
|
|A removal of dirt from one item or one place on an object.
|A removal of dirt from one item or one place on an object.
|-
!oumu
|ou
|mu
|[ou̯mu]
!crowd
|person
|together
| -
|-
!ôimaa
|ôi
|maa
|[ɔi̯mɑː]
!current
|sea
|go
|A current in a body of water.
|-
!ôińi
|ôi
|ńi
|[ɔi̯ɲi]
!wave
|sea
|come
|A moving disturbance in a body of water.
|-
!ôiti
|ôi
|ti
|[ɔi̯ti]
!tsunami
|sea
|tall
| -
|-
|-
!pôi
!pôi
|pô
|pô
|i
|i
|
|[pɔi]
|[pɔi]
!grow
!grow
|big
|big
|small
|small
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 372: Line 368:
|pô
|pô
|mu
|mu
|
|[pɔmu]
|[pɔmu]
!all
!all
|big
|big
|together
|together
|
| -
|-
!pômu'ou
| colspan="2" |pô-mu
|ou
|[pɔmuʔou̯]
!population
| colspan="2" |''all''
|person
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 392: Line 377:
|qa
|qa
|vu
|vu
|
|[qɑβʉ]
|[qɑβu]
!slam
!slam
|hit
|hit
|down
|down
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 403: Line 386:
|qui
|qui
|vu
|vu
|
|[qui̯βʉ]
|[qui̯βu]
!downstroke
!downstroke
|ink
|ink
|down
|down
|
|A stroke downward with a writing utensil along a writing medium.
|A stroke downward with a writing utensil along a writing medium.
|-
|-
Line 414: Line 395:
|qui
|qui
|xo
|xo
|
|[qui̯xo]
|[qui̯xo]
!page
!page
|ink
|ink
|wood
|wood
|
|A page with writing or image(s).
|A page with writing or image(s).
|-
!tina
|ti
|na
|[tinɑ]
!tree trunk
|tall
|plant
| -
|-
!tsui
|tsu
|i
|[t͡sʉi]
!electric
|lightning
|small
| -
|-
|-
!vućë
!vućë
|vu
|vu
|će
|će
|
|[βut͡ɕɜ]
|[βut͡ɕɜ]
!hail
!hail
|down
|down
|ice
|ice
|
| Also means sleet.
| Also means sleet.
|-
|-
Line 436: Line 431:
|vu
|vu
|fü
|fü
|
|[βʉɸʉ]
|[βuɸu]
!snowing
!snowing
|down
|down
|snow
|snow
|
|Snow that is falling from the sky.
|Snow that is falling from the sky.
|-
|-
Line 447: Line 440:
|vu
|vu
|qa
|qa
|
|[βʉqɑ]
|[βuqɑ]
!tumble
!tumble
|down
|down
|hit
|hit
|
|A fall that results in a relevant impact.
|A fall that results in a relevant impact.
|-
!vuqaffu
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|fü
|[βuqɑɸɸu]
!avalanche
| colspan="2" |''tumble''
|snow
| -
|-
|-
!vuqui
!vuqui
|vu
|vu
|qui
|qui
|
|[βʉqui̯]
|[βuqui̯]
!ink drop
!ink drop
|down
|down
|ink
|ink
|
| -
|-
!yüiôi
|yü
|i
|ôi
|[jyiɔi̯]
!photon field
|light
|small
|sea
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 489: Line 458:
|yü
|yü
|maa
|maa
|
|[jymɑː]
|[jymɑː]
!EM radiation
!EM radiation
|light
|light
|go
|go
|
| -
| -
|-
|-
Line 500: Line 467:
|yü
|yü
|ńi
|ńi
|
|[jyɲi]
|[jyɲi]
!color
!color
|light
|light
|come
|come
|
|Also refers to visible light.
|Refers to the process of experiencing color, from light emission to brain processing, not only brain processing.
|}
 
==== Triple-Compound Words ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="5" |Nga
! colspan="5" |English
|-
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="3" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
|-
!1
!2
!3
!1
!2
!3
|-
!füvvüqa
|fü
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|[ɸyββyqɑ]
!snow cave-in
|snow
| colspan="2" |tumble
|Snow that is caving in.
|-
!kuttsui
|ku
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[kʉtt͡sʉi]
!electron
|alone
| colspan="2" |electric
| -
|-
!kuyyui
|ku
| colspan="2" |yü-i
|[kʉjjʉi]
!photon
|alone
| colspan="2" |glint
| -
|-
!mottsui
|mo
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[mott͡sʉi]
!mobile device
|hold
| colspan="2" |electric
| -
|-
!mupôou
|mu
|pô
|ou
|[mupɔou̯]
!state
|together
|big
|person
|A self-governing political entity.
|-
!muouggo
| colspan="2" |mu-ou
|go
|[muou̯ŋɡo]
!territory
| colspan="2" |community
|land
|An area of land associated with a particular group of people.
|-
!natiggo
| colspan="2" |na-ti
|go
|[nɑtiŋɡo]
!forest
| colspan="2" |tree
|land
| -
|-
!ngattsui
|nga
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|[ngɑtt͡sʉi]
!phone
|speak
| colspan="2" |electric
| Also means phone call.
|-
!ôińi'i
| colspan="2" |ôi-ńi
|i
|[ɔi̯ɲiʔi]
!small wave
| colspan="2" |wave
|small
|A moving disturbance in a small volume of liquid.
|-
!pômu'ou
| colspan="2" |pô-mu
|ou
|[pɔmuʔou̯]
!population
| colspan="2" |all
|person
| -
|-
!tsuikku
| colspan="2" |tsu-i
|ku
|[t͡sʉikkʉ]
!volt
| colspan="2" |electric
|small
| -
|-
!vuqaffu
| colspan="2" |vu-qa
|fü
|[βʉqɑɸɸʉ]
!avalanche
| colspan="2" |tumble
|snow
| -
|-
!yüiôi
|yü
|i
|ôi
|[jyiɔi̯]
!photon field
|light
|small
|sea
| -
|}
 
==== Quadruple-Compound Words ====
{| class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"
! colspan="6" |Nga
! colspan="6" |English
|-
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="4" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |IPA
! rowspan="2" |Word
! colspan="4" |Roots
! rowspan="2" |Meaning
|-
!1
!2
!3
!4
!1
!2
!3
!4
|-
!natiggo'i
| colspan="2" |na-ti
|go
|i
|[nɑtiŋɡoʔi]
!grove
| colspan="2" |forest
|land
|small
| -
|-
!mummupôou
|mu
| colspan="3" |mu-pô-ou
|[mummupɔou̯]
!union
|together
| colspan="3" |state
| A union of states.
|}
|}

Revision as of 00:41, 18 March 2026

Nga
Pronunciation[ŋɑ]
Created bySuqi
Date2026
Kamokynga[controversial]
  • Nga
This article contains IPA phonetic symbols. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols instead of Unicode characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see Help:IPA.

Nga [ngɑ] is an artistic personal language of Suqi that is heavily based around the compounding of monosyllabic root words to make new lexical items.

Phonology

Syllable Structure

Nga follows a (C)V(V) syllable structure for root words, (C)V(V)(G) for compounded roots, and (C)(C)V(V)(C)(C) structure for affixes. /G/ stands for gemination of the following consonant, which if followed by a vowel becomes [ʔ] instead.

Vowel Harmony

Nga has regressive fronting harmony. Harmony spreads across entire words. Front vowels include /y e ø yi̯ ei̯ øi̯ øy̯ ue̯/ and back vowels include /ʉ ɜ o ui̯ ɤi̯ oi̯ ou̯ uɜ̯/. There are two neutral vowels: /ɑ ai̯/, and three vowels that are transparent in medial and final syllables, but trigger harmony when in an initial syllable: /i/ (triggers front harmony) and /ɔ ɔi̯/ (trigger back harmony). /ɜ uɜ̯/ must be preceded by a harmonically back vowel.

Allophony

/ʉ/ becomes [u] if there are other harmonic back vowels in the word (excluding /ʉ ui̯/) unless immediately followed by /i/.

[ʉ] ranges between central [ʉ] and near-back [ü].

Geminated voiced plosives become instead prenasalized voiced plosives.

Grammar

Syntax

The basic word order is VSO.

Morphology

Tense

Past Tense: -ltu/-ltü [-ltʉ~ltu, -lty]

Present Tense: -khai [-khai̯]

Future Tense: -myi [-mji]

Irrealis: Ø

  • Past Irrealis: oltu- [oltʉ~oltu-]
  • Present Irrealis: okhai- [okhai̯-]
  • Future Irrealis: omyi- [omji-]

Subject Markers

There are different types of subject markers for different relationships the subject has to the verb or object.

Motile subject: -msu/-msü [-msʉ~msu, -msy]

Present subject: -ćto/ćtö [-t͡ɕto, -t͡ɕtø]

Identity subject: -ńwai [-ɲwai̯]

Potential subject: -hći [-ht͡ɕi]

Translations

Lexicon

Root Words

IPA English Meaning
ku [kʉ] alone -
pô [pɔ] big -
mi [mi] blank -
nge [nge] clean -
ńi [ɲi] come -
kei [kei̯] cube -
square
vu [βʉ] down -
maa [mɑː] go -
qa [qɑ] hit -
mo [mo] hold -
će [t͡ɕe] ice -
qui [qui̯] ink -
go [ɡo] land -
yü [jy] light -
tsu [t͡sʉ] lightning -
tü [ty] music -
ou [ou̯] person -
na [nɑ] plant -
ôi [ɔi̯] sea -
i [i] small -
fü [ɸy] snow -
nga [ngɑ] speak -
ti [ti] tall -
mu [mʉ] together -
xo [xo] wood -

Compound Words

Compound words are formed with a specific structure to produce a meaning. The first root in a compound connects its meaning to the compound's meaning most literally, and the last root in a compound connects its meaning to the compound's meaning most abstractly.

The meaning of a compound word is not produced systematically, it has a significant degree of arbitrarity. Therefore, if two roots on their own form a compound with one meaning, those same roots in the same order become part of another compound word, they will not incorporate the meaning of their own compound, they will contribute to a new meaning with the other root(s). However, compound words can be compounded to other roots if the boundary between the two has a /G/ interfix. This interfix is the only place /G/ occurs in the language.

Double-Compound Words

Nga English
Word Roots IPA Word Roots Meaning
1 2 1 2
ćevü će vu [t͡ɕeβy] ice melting ice down -
füvü fü vu [ɸyβy] snow melting snow down -
kuôi ku ôi [kuɔi̯] island alone sea -
kuyu ku yü [kʉjʉ] light alone light A group of photons following the same trajectory
miće mi će [mit͡ɕe] glass blank ice -
mixö mi xo [mixø] paper blank wood -
minge mi nge [minge] new blank clean -
momaa mo maa [momɑː] take hold go Instead means “bring” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
mońi mo ńi [moɲi] bring hold come Instead means “take” if the one doing the action is the speaker.
muou mu ou [muou̯] community together person -
nati na ti [nɑti] tree plant tall -
ńiôi ńi ôi [ɲiɔi̯] flood come sea -
ngekü nge ku [ngeky] clean clean alone A removal of dirt from one item or one place on an object.
oumu ou mu [ou̯mu] crowd person together -
ôimaa ôi maa [ɔi̯mɑː] current sea go A current in a body of water.
ôińi ôi ńi [ɔi̯ɲi] wave sea come A moving disturbance in a body of water.
ôiti ôi ti [ɔi̯ti] tsunami sea tall -
pôi pô i [pɔi] grow big small -
pômu pô mu [pɔmu] all big together -
qavu qa vu [qɑβʉ] slam hit down -
quivu qui vu [qui̯βʉ] downstroke ink down A stroke downward with a writing utensil along a writing medium.
quixo qui xo [qui̯xo] page ink wood A page with writing or image(s).
tina ti na [tinɑ] tree trunk tall plant -
tsui tsu i [t͡sʉi] electric lightning small -
vućë vu će [βut͡ɕɜ] hail down ice Also means sleet.
vufu vu fü [βʉɸʉ] snowing down snow Snow that is falling from the sky.
vuqa vu qa [βʉqɑ] tumble down hit A fall that results in a relevant impact.
vuqui vu qui [βʉqui̯] ink drop down ink -
yümaa yü maa [jymɑː] EM radiation light go -
yüńi yü ńi [jyɲi] color light come Also refers to visible light.

Triple-Compound Words

Nga English
Word Roots IPA Word Roots Meaning
1 2 3 1 2 3
füvvüqa fü vu-qa [ɸyββyqɑ] snow cave-in snow tumble Snow that is caving in.
kuttsui ku tsu-i [kʉtt͡sʉi] electron alone electric -
kuyyui ku yü-i [kʉjjʉi] photon alone glint -
mottsui mo tsu-i [mott͡sʉi] mobile device hold electric -
mupôou mu pô ou [mupɔou̯] state together big person A self-governing political entity.
muouggo mu-ou go [muou̯ŋɡo] territory community land An area of land associated with a particular group of people.
natiggo na-ti go [nɑtiŋɡo] forest tree land -
ngattsui nga tsu-i [ngɑtt͡sʉi] phone speak electric Also means phone call.
ôińi'i ôi-ńi i [ɔi̯ɲiʔi] small wave wave small A moving disturbance in a small volume of liquid.
pômu'ou pô-mu ou [pɔmuʔou̯] population all person -
tsuikku tsu-i ku [t͡sʉikkʉ] volt electric small -
vuqaffu vu-qa fü [βʉqɑɸɸʉ] avalanche tumble snow -
yüiôi yü i ôi [jyiɔi̯] photon field light small sea -

Quadruple-Compound Words

Nga English
Word Roots IPA Word Roots Meaning
1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
natiggo'i na-ti go i [nɑtiŋɡoʔi] grove forest land small -
mummupôou mu mu-pô-ou [mummupɔou̯] union together state A union of states.
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