Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions

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==Morphology==

===Umlaut===

[[w:umlaut|Umlaut]] is a kind of [[w:nonconcatenative morphology|nonconcatenative morphology]] defined by alternations in the stressed vowel.

All noun patterns exhibit umlaut, but some vowels are unaffected by certain kinds. Some of these have been "corrected" through regularization in Húsnorsk, though a lot of these are a result of false correlation, not actual correction. As with Old Norse "ríkjum" (dative plural of "ríki") becoming "rýkjum" through the dative plural getting analogized to have u-umlaut in all nominal patterns.

The general rules for Nordic umlaut are decently simple, going as follows:

:U-umlaut rounds unround vowels (/i, e, ɛ, a/ > /y, ø, ø, ɔ/) and raises round vowels (/o/ > /u/).

:I-umlaut raises unround vowels (/e, ɛ, a/ > /i, e, ɛ/) and fronts round vowels (/u, o/ > /y, ø/)

:A-umlaut lowers high vowels (/i, u/ > /e, o/)

Some words exhibit both u-umlaut ''and'' i-umlaut, as with Proto-Germanic *garwijaną > Old Norse ''gøra''.

===Nouns===

Masculine a-stem:

Húsnorsk, as with most other Germanic languages, has a distinction between strong and weak stem types. These types are divided into classes based on gender and ending, the ending is typically determined by the form in [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], which occasionally leads to potentially confusing stem names, such as "strong ō-stem" nouns, which now have a null ending, where Proto-Germanic had *-ō. The historic Proto-Germanic ending is what determines the modern umlaut patterns, due to this the stem name can help you figure out the type of umlaut the noun has, though, sometimes confusingly, a noun may exhibit a different kind of umlaut in some forms (see the strong u-stems).

Húsnorsk occasionally extends umlaut across patterns in a form of regularization or analogy, this can lead to irregular evolution but morphology that's easier to remember (note how umlaut was extended to almost all vowels)

Húsnorsk has largely leveled both the dative and genitive singulars to -i and -s respectively, though the genitive is sometimes leveled to -ą by some speakers.

When looking at the tables below, note that there's multiple as it's giving both Húmgądsnorsk and Jugsnorsk. The latter two tables are both Jugsnorsk, just in different scripts, one in Latin, the ither in Cyrillic.

====Strong nouns====

Húsnorsk closely follows Old Norse with its strong nouns, have two neuter, and three masculine and feminine strong declensions, the general pattern names are

:a-stem: Masculine, neuter

:i-stem: Masculine

:r-stem: Masculine, feminine

:ija-stem: Masculine, neuter

:ō-stem: Feminine

''Húmgąds'':

''Jugs'':

''Húmgąds'':

''Jugs'':

==Syntax==

@@ Line 635: / Line 635: @@
 ==Morphology==
+===Umlaut===
+[[w:umlaut|Umlaut]] is a kind of [[w:nonconcatenative morphology|nonconcatenative morphology]] defined by alternations in the stressed vowel.
+All noun patterns exhibit umlaut, but some vowels are unaffected by certain kinds. Some of these have been "corrected" through regularization in Húsnorsk, though a lot of these are a result of false correlation, not actual correction. As with Old Norse "ríkjum" (dative plural of "ríki") becoming "rýkjum" through the dative plural getting analogized to have u-umlaut in all nominal patterns.
+The general rules for Nordic umlaut are decently simple, going as follows:
+:U-umlaut rounds unround vowels (/i, e, ɛ, a/ > /y, ø, ø, ɔ/) and raises round vowels (/o/ > /u/).
+:I-umlaut raises unround vowels (/e, ɛ, a/ > /i, e, ɛ/) and fronts round vowels (/u, o/ > /y, ø/)
+:A-umlaut lowers high vowels (/i, u/ > /e, o/)
+Some words exhibit both u-umlaut ''and'' i-umlaut, as with Proto-Germanic *garwijaną > Old Norse ''gøra''.
 ===Nouns===
-Masculine a-stem:
+Húsnorsk, as with most other Germanic languages, has a distinction between strong and weak stem types. These types are divided into classes based on gender and ending, the ending is typically determined by the form in [[w:Proto-Germanic|Proto-Germanic]], which occasionally leads to potentially confusing stem names, such as "strong ō-stem" nouns, which now have a null ending, where Proto-Germanic had *-ō. The historic Proto-Germanic ending is what determines the modern umlaut patterns, due to this the stem name can help you figure out the type of umlaut the noun has, though, sometimes confusingly, a noun may exhibit a different kind of umlaut in some forms (see the strong u-stems).
-{{Template:Húsnorsk m-a nouns|Norsk|Norsk|m= - "Norse"}}
+Húsnorsk occasionally extends umlaut across patterns in a form of regularization or analogy, this can lead to irregular evolution but morphology that's easier to remember (note how umlaut was extended to almost all vowels)
+Húsnorsk has largely leveled both the dative and genitive singulars to -i and -s respectively, though the genitive is sometimes leveled to -ą by some speakers.
+When looking at the tables below, note that there's multiple as it's giving both Húmgądsnorsk and Jugsnorsk. The latter two tables are both Jugsnorsk, just in different scripts, one in Latin, the ither in Cyrillic.
+====Strong nouns====
+Húsnorsk closely follows Old Norse with its strong nouns, have two neuter, and three masculine and feminine strong declensions, the general pattern names are
+:a-stem: Masculine, neuter
+:i-stem: Masculine
+:r-stem: Masculine, feminine
+:ija-stem: Masculine, neuter
+:ō-stem: Feminine
+''Húmgąds'':
+{{Húsnorsk nouns m-a|Norsk|Nursk|m= - "Norse"}}
+''Jugs'':
+{{Jugsnorsk nouns m-a|Norsk|Nursk|m= - "Norse"}}
+{{Jugsnorsk cyr nouns m-a|Норск|Нурск|m= - "Norse"}}
+''Húmgąds'':
+{{Húsnorsk nouns s-ō|nǫs|nas|m= - "nose"}}
+''Jugs'':
+{{Jugsnorsk nouns s-ō|nos|nas|m= - "nose"}}
+{{Jugsnorsk cyr nouns s-ō|нос|нас|m= - "nose"}}
 ==Syntax==