Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions
| Line 144: | Line 144: | ||
==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Húmgądsnorską=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | {| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 175: | Line 176: | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced | ||
| v²<sup>, </sup>⁴ | | v²<sup>, </sup>⁴ | ||
| | | ʒ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 191: | Line 192: | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced | ||
| | | | ||
| | | r⁵, l | ||
| j | | j | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 200: | Line 201: | ||
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names. | #It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names. | ||
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. /v/ is also occasionally realized as /u̯/ between a vowel and consonant (eg. /VvC/ > [Vu̯C], as in "javn" being [jau̯n] for some speakers). | #/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. /v/ is also occasionally realized as /u̯/ between a vowel and consonant (eg. /VvC/ > [Vu̯C], as in "javn" being [jau̯n] for some speakers). | ||
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormą" /opmɐ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s]. | #Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormą" /opmɐ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s]. | ||
#All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables), they are: | #All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables), they are: | ||
| Line 245: | Line 245: | ||
#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong. | #All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong. | ||
===Jugsnorską=== | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | | |||
! Labial | |||
! Alveolar | |||
! Palatal | |||
! Velar | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Nasal | |||
| m | |||
| n | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Stop | |||
! Unvoiced | |||
| p | |||
| t | |||
| | |||
| k | |||
|- | |||
! Voiced | |||
| b | |||
| d | |||
| | |||
| g | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | Fricative | |||
! Unvoiced | |||
| f² | |||
| s | |||
| ʃ | |||
| x³ | |||
|- | |||
! Voiced | |||
| v²<sup>, </sup>⁴ | |||
| | |||
| ʒ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Affricate | |||
| | |||
| t͡s | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=2 | Approximant | |||
| | |||
| r⁵, l | |||
| j | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. | |||
#/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /v/ always becomes /b/, and /f/ either becomes /p/ or /b/ depending on when the cluster happened ("fl" from Old Norse becomes "bl", but newly formed "fl" becomes "pl") | |||
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names. | |||
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. /v/ is also occasionally realized as /u̯/ between a vowel and consonant (eg. /VvC/ > [Vu̯C], as in "javn" being [jau̯n] for some speakers). | |||
#Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormą" /opmɐ/). Additionally, /rs/ may be realized as [t͡s]. | |||
#All geminates are realized as short in coda position (Thus "Plýgg" is /plʏy̯ɡ/) | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Short vowels | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | | |||
! colspan=2 | Front | |||
! rowspan=2 | Back | |||
|- | |||
! Unround | |||
! Round | |||
|- | |||
! High | |||
| ɪ | |||
| ʏ | |||
| ʊ | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| e̞ | |||
| ø̞ | |||
| o̞ | |||
|- | |||
! Low | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ɐ | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|+ Long vowels | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan=2 | | |||
! colspan=2 | Front | |||
! rowspan=2 | Back | |||
|- | |||
! Unround | |||
! Round | |||
|- | |||
! High | |||
| ɪi | |||
| ʏy | |||
| ʊu | |||
|- | |||
! Mid | |||
| e̞i | |||
| ø̞y | |||
| o̞u | |||
|- | |||
! Low | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| au | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||