Gwapyeo: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
Gwapyeo's phonology is quite similar to that of Modern Korean, with some subtle differences. The main notable difference is the absence of tense consonants, yielding only a two-way distinction for plosives, between aspirated and plain plosives. The biggest divergence from modern Korean vowel-wise is the presence of the phoneme /ɒ/, also found in the [[w:Jeju_language|Jeju language]], though it is written with "ㅐ", a character which, in [[w:Koreanic_languages|Koreanic languages]] where it has not merged with another vowel, represents sounds close to /æ/. | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg"; style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="width: 160px; " | | |||
! style="width: 80px; " |Bilabial | |||
! style="width: 80px; " |Alveolar | |||
! style="width: 80px; " |Palatal | |||
! style="width: 80px; " |Velar | |||
! style="width: 80px; " |Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| m ㅁ | |||
| n ㄴ | |||
| | |||
| ŋ ㅇ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Plosive | |||
! <small>aspirated</small> | |||
| pʰ ㅍ | |||
| tʰ ㅌ | |||
| tɕʰ ㅊ | |||
| kʰ ㅋ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
| p ㅂ | |||
| t ㄷ | |||
| tɕ ㅈ | |||
| k ㄱ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" | Fricative | |||
! <small>aspirated</small> | |||
| | |||
| sʰ ㅅ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| rowspan="2" | h ㅎ | |||
|- | |||
! <small>plain</small> | |||
| | |||
| s ㅆ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Liquid | |||
| | |||
| l~ɾ ㄹ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Approximant | |||
| w | |||
| | |||
| j | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
====Plain consonants==== | |||
/p, t, tɕ, k, s/ are often voiced [b, d, dʑ, ɡ, z] between sonorants (vowels, nasals and /l~ɾ/), and generally stay unvoiced outside this context. | |||
====Aspirated consonants==== | |||
Contrary to plain consonants, the aspirated consonants do not undergo intervocalic voicing. However, the aspirated plosives /pʰ, tʰ, tɕʰ, kʰ/ become lenited [ɸ, s, ɕ, x] word-finally. | |||
====Fricatives==== | |||
''ㅎ h'' cannot happen in syllable final position, instead being used as a vowel length marker, as coda /h/ has historically been lost, causing compensatory lengthening on the previous vowel. However, it can, similarly to plain consonants, become voiced [ɦ] intervocalically. | |||
The status of ''sʰ ㅅ'' is quite controversial, as a number of dialects, including the standard one, have merged this sound with ''s ㅆ'', yet retaining the effect of aspirated consonants on pitch (see [[#Vowel pitch|§Vowel pitch]]). | |||