Húsnorsk: Difference between revisions
| Line 40: | Line 40: | ||
| m | | m | ||
| n | | n | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Stop | ! rowspan=2 | Stop | ||
| Line 49: | Line 49: | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced | ||
| | | b¹ | ||
| | | d¹ | ||
| | | g¹ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! rowspan=2 | Fricative | ! rowspan=2 | Fricative | ||
! Unvoiced | ! Unvoiced | ||
| | | f² | ||
| s | | s | ||
| | | x³ | ||
|- | |- | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced | ||
| v² | | v²<sup>, </sup>⁴ | ||
| | | ʒ⁵ | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
! colspan=2 | Affricate | ! colspan=2 | Affricate | ||
| | | | ||
| | | t͡s | ||
| | | | ||
|- | |- | ||
| Line 77: | Line 77: | ||
! Voiced | ! Voiced | ||
| | | | ||
| | | r⁶, l | ||
| j | | j | ||
|- | |- | ||
|} | |} | ||
#/b, d, g/ becomes /p, t, k/ next to voiceless stops and /s/, but not /f/, which becomes /v/ next to these consonants. | |||
#It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names. | #It is extremely common to turn word initial /x/ into /k/, roughly 65% to 70% of native speakers do so, and it rather consistently happens in those who do it, though proper names form a major exception to this, for example, "Hémnǫ́dą" ("Heimdall") is almost never pronounced with an initial /k/ by any speaker, this is likely due to people's hesitance to modify names. | ||
#/f, v/ both become stops before /l, r/, /v/ always becomes /b/, and /f/ either becomes /p/ or /b/ depending on when the cluster happened ("fl" from Old Norse becomes "bl", but newly formed "fl" becomes "pl") | |||
#/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. /v/ is also occasionally realized as /u̯/ between a vowel and consonant (eg. /VvC/ > [Vu̯C], as in "javn" being [jau̯n] for some speakers). | #/v/ is /ʋ/ following a consonant (eg. /Cv/ = /Cʋ/), and for some speakers, word initially. /v/ is also occasionally realized as /u̯/ between a vowel and consonant (eg. /VvC/ > [Vu̯C], as in "javn" being [jau̯n] for some speakers). | ||
#Can technically be analyzed as an allophone of /rː/, it's listed as a separate phoneme here because it's a universal change. | |||
All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables), they are: | #Realized as /t, p/ before /n, m/ (as in "ormą" /opmɐ/) | ||
:Nasals: "mm, nn | #All stops have different values when geminated in coda position (Meaning when the geminate isn't split across syllables), they are: | ||
:Voiceless: "pp, tt, kk" /ʰp, ʰt, ʰk/ | :::Nasals: "mm, nn" /pm, tn/ | ||
:Voiced: "bb, dd, gg" /v, z, g/ | :::Voiceless: "pp, tt, kk" /ʰp, ʰt, ʰk/ | ||
:::Voiced: "bb, dd, gg" /v, z, g/ | |||
| Line 128: | Line 131: | ||
#All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong. | #All vowels except /ɐ/ can be long, and the round vowels (/u, o, ɔ, y, ø/) can be overlong. | ||
==Orthography== | |||
{| class="wikitable collapsible collapsed" style="text-align: center;" | |||
|- | |||
! colspan=3 | Alphabet | |||
|- | |||
! Letter | |||
! IPA | |||
|- | |||
| A a | |||
| a | |||
|- | |||
| Á á | |||
| aː | |||
|- | |||
| Ą ą | |||
| ɐ | |||
|- | |||
| B b | |||
| b | |||
|- | |||
| D d | |||
| d | |||
|- | |||
| E e | |||
| e | |||
|- | |||
| É é | |||
| eː | |||
|- | |||
| Ę ę | |||
| ɛ | |||
|- | |||
| Ę́ ę́ | |||
| ɛː | |||
|- | |||
| F f | |||
| f | |||
|- | |||
| G g | |||
| ɡ | |||
|- | |||
| H h | |||
| x | |||
|- | |||
| I i | |||
| i | |||
|- | |||
| Í í | |||
| iː | |||
|- | |||
| J j | |||
| j | |||
|- | |||
| K k | |||
| k | |||
|- | |||
| L l | |||
| l | |||
|- | |||
| M m | |||
| m | |||
|- | |||
| N n | |||
| n | |||
|- | |||
| O o | |||
| o | |||
|- | |||
| Ó ó | |||
| oː | |||
|- | |||
| Ō ō | |||
| oːː | |||
|- | |||
| Ǫ ǫ | |||
| ɔ | |||
|- | |||
| Ǫ́ ǫ́ | |||
| ɔː | |||
|- | |||
| Ǭ ǭ | |||
| ɔːː | |||
|- | |||
| P p | |||
| p | |||
|- | |||
| R r | |||
| r | |||
|- | |||
| S s | |||
| s | |||
|- | |||
| T t | |||
| t | |||
|- | |||
| U u | |||
| u | |||
|- | |||
| Ú ú | |||
| uː | |||
|- | |||
| Ū ū | |||
| uːː | |||
|- | |||
| V v | |||
| v | |||
|- | |||
| Y y | |||
| y | |||
|- | |||
| Ý ý | |||
| yː | |||
|- | |||
| Ȳ ȳ | |||
| yːː | |||
|- | |||
| Z z | |||
| t͡s | |||
|- | |||
| Ø ø | |||
| ø | |||
|- | |||
| Ǿ ǿ | |||
| øː | |||
|- | |||
| Ø̄ ø̄ | |||
| øːː | |||
|- | |||
|} | |||
==Morphology== | ==Morphology== | ||