Luthic: Difference between revisions

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Nearly all Romance languages spoken in Italy are native to their respective regions. Apart from Standard Italian, these languages are commonly referred to as dialetti (“dialects”), both in colloquial and scholarly contexts, although alternative labels such as “minority languages” or “vernaculars” are also used in certain classifications. Italian was officially declared the national language during the Fascist period, specifically through the R.D.L. decree of 15 October 1925, Sull'Obbligo della lingua italiana in tutti gli uffici giudiziari del Regno, salvo le eccezioni stabilite nei trattati internazionali per la città di Fiume. According to UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, Italy is currently home to 32 endangered languages.

===Lexis===

[[File:Luthic_lexis_1.png|thumb|left]]

It is generally estimated that Luthic comprises around 260,000 words—or about 380,000 when obsolete forms are included—and roughly 4 million if declined and conjugated variants are taken into account. Nevertheless, 98% of contemporary Luthic usage relies on only 3,600 words. A 2016 study by Lúcia Yamane, based on a corpus of 2,581 words selected according to frequency, semantic richness, and productivity, also incorporates lexical items formed within the Luthic territory. This study provides the following percentages:

* 723 words inherited from Gothic;

* 594 words inherited from Latin (those are not limited to the Italic lexis, including Etruscan, Greek and Celtic loanwords present in Latin);

* 335 words borrowed from Neo Latin for academic reasons (which may also include Greek loanwords);

* 310 words borrowed from Italian (which are not limited to the Italian lexicon, including also other Romance loanwords within the Italian language, such as French);

* 233 words borrowed from West Germanic languages, such as Langobardic, Frankish, Old High German, modern include Standard High German, Austrian High German and English;

* 206 words of uncertain or other origins;

* 103 words formed in Luthic;

* 77 words borrowed from Greek.

Luthic has approximately 1,300 uncompounded words inherited from Proto-Indo-European. These were inherited via:

* 44% Italic, Romance;

* 41% Germanic

* 7% Celtic;

* 2% Hellenic;

* 6% Uncertain.

A single etymological root appears in Luthic in a native form, inherited from Vulgar Latin, and a learned form, borrowed later from Classical Latin. The following pairs consist of a native noun and a learned adjective:

* finger: ditu / digitale from Latin digitus / digitālis;

* faith: fé (stem fed-) / fidele from Latin fidēs / fidēlis;

* foot: pié (stem pied-) / pedale from pēs / pedālis.

There are also noun-noun and adjective-adjective pairs with slightly different meanings:

* thing / cause: cosa / causa from Latin causa;

* bull / calf: toru / tauru from Latin taurus;

* chilled / frozen: freddu / frigidu from Latin frīgidus.

==See also==

@@ Line 119: / Line 119: @@
 Nearly all Romance languages spoken in Italy are native to their respective regions. Apart from Standard Italian, these languages are commonly referred to as dialetti (“dialects”), both in colloquial and scholarly contexts, although alternative labels such as “minority languages” or “vernaculars” are also used in certain classifications. Italian was officially declared the national language during the Fascist period, specifically through the R.D.L. decree of 15 October 1925, Sull'Obbligo della lingua italiana in tutti gli uffici giudiziari del Regno, salvo le eccezioni stabilite nei trattati internazionali per la città di Fiume. According to UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, Italy is currently home to 32 endangered languages.
+===Lexis===
+[[File:Luthic_lexis_1.png|thumb|left]]
+It is generally estimated that Luthic comprises around 260,000 words—or about 380,000 when obsolete forms are included—and roughly 4 million if declined and conjugated variants are taken into account. Nevertheless, 98% of contemporary Luthic usage relies on only 3,600 words. A 2016 study by Lúcia Yamane, based on a corpus of 2,581 words selected according to frequency, semantic richness, and productivity, also incorporates lexical items formed within the Luthic territory. This study provides the following percentages:
+* 723 words inherited from Gothic;
+* 594 words inherited from Latin (those are not limited to the Italic lexis, including Etruscan, Greek and Celtic loanwords present in Latin);
+* 335 words borrowed from Neo Latin for academic reasons (which may also include Greek loanwords);
+* 310 words borrowed from Italian (which are not limited to the Italian lexicon, including also other Romance loanwords within the Italian language, such as French);
+* 233 words borrowed from West Germanic languages, such as Langobardic, Frankish, Old High German, modern include Standard High German, Austrian High German and English;
+* 206 words of uncertain or other origins;
+* 103 words formed in Luthic;
+* 77 words borrowed from Greek.
+Luthic has approximately 1,300 uncompounded words inherited from Proto-Indo-European. These were inherited via:
+* 44% Italic, Romance;
+* 41% Germanic
+* 7% Celtic;
+* 2% Hellenic;
+* 6% Uncertain.
+A single etymological root appears in Luthic in a native form, inherited from Vulgar Latin, and a learned form, borrowed later from Classical Latin. The following pairs consist of a native noun and a learned adjective:
+* finger: ditu / digitale from Latin digitus / digitālis;
+* faith: fé (stem fed-) / fidele from Latin fidēs / fidēlis;
+* foot: pié (stem pied-) / pedale from pēs / pedālis.
+There are also noun-noun and adjective-adjective pairs with slightly different meanings:
+* thing / cause: cosa / causa from Latin causa;
+* bull / calf: toru / tauru from Latin taurus;
+* chilled / frozen: freddu / frigidu from Latin frīgidus.
 ==See also==