User:IlL/Sketchbook: Difference between revisions
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==Windermere/Wiobian phonology== | |||
===Orthography=== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
{| class="bluetable lightbluebg " style="width: 700px; text-align: center;" | |||
|+ '''Windermere consonants''' | |||
! colspan="2"| | |||
! | Labial | |||
! | Dental | |||
! | Alveolar | |||
! | Palatal | |||
! | Medial | |||
! | Velar | |||
! | Labiovelar | |||
! | Glottal | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Nasal | |||
| '''m''' /m/ | |||
| | |||
| '''n''' /n/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ng''' /ŋ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Plosive | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''p''' /p/ | |||
| | |||
| '''t''' /t/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ƈ''' /cˤ/ | |||
| '''k''' /k/ | |||
| '''qu''' /kʷ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| '''b''' /b/ | |||
| | |||
| '''d''' /d/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ʛ''' /ɟˤ/ | |||
| '''g''' /ɡ/ | |||
| '''ꝿu''' /ɡʷ/ | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" |Fricative | |||
! | <small>voiceless</small> | |||
| '''f''' /f~v/ | |||
| '''th''' /θ~ð/ | |||
| '''s''' /s/ | |||
| | |||
| '''ƨ''' /çˤ~ʝˤ/ | |||
| '''h''' /x~ɣ/ | |||
| '''xu''' /xʷ/ | |||
| ('''ħ''' /h/) | |||
|- | |||
! | <small>voiced</small> | |||
| ('''v''' /v/) | |||
| ('''dh''' /ð/) | |||
| '''z''' /z/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| ('''gh''' /x~ɣ/) | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" | Affricate | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ts''' /ts/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Lateral approximant | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''l''' /l/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" |Approximant | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''j''' /j/ | |||
| '''r''' /jˤ/ | |||
| | |||
| '''w''' /w/ | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
;Notes | |||
*Voiceless plosives and affricates are lightly aspirated. | |||
*The medial consonants /cˤ, ɟˤ, çˤ, jˤ/ vary by idiolect and can be laminal retroflex [ʈʂ, ɖʐ, ʂ, ɻ], pharyngealized palatal [cˤ, ɟˤ, çˤ,jˤ], or pharyngealized uvular [qˤ, ɢˤ, χˤ, ʁˤ]. | |||
*Sounds in parentheses are phonemic in Southern Windermere. Voiceless fricatives except /s/ are voiced intervocalically in Northern Windermere. | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
{| border="1" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" class="bluetable lightbluebg" style="text-align:center;" | |||
! rowspan="2" | | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 160px; " |Front | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 160px; " |Central | |||
! colspan="3" style="width: 160px; " |Back | |||
|- | |||
!|<small>short</small> | |||
!|<small>long</small> | |||
!|<small>rhotic</small> | |||
!|<small>short</small> | |||
!|<small>long</small> | |||
!|<small>rhotic</small> | |||
!|<small>short</small> | |||
!|<small>long</small> | |||
!|<small>rhotic</small> | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close | |||
| '''i''' /i/ | |||
| '''ii''' /iː/ | |||
|rowspan="2"| '''ir, ɿr, iər''' /ɪɚ/ | |||
| '''y''' /ɨ/ | |||
| '''yy''' /ɨː/ | |||
| '''yr, yər''' /ɨɚ/ | |||
| '''u''' /u/ | |||
| '''uu''' /uː/ | |||
|rowspan="2"| '''ur, ꝏr, uər''' /ʊɚ/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Close-mid | |||
| '''ɿ''' /e~ɪ/ | |||
| '''ɿɿ''' /eː~ɪː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ꝏ''' /o~ʊ/ | |||
| '''oo''' /oː~ʊː/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Mid | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ə''' /ə/ | |||
| '''əə''' /əː/ | |||
| '''ər''' /ɚː/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open-mid | |||
| '''e''' /ɛ/ | |||
| '''ee''' /ɛː/ | |||
| '''er''' /ɛɚ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ɔ''' /ɔ/ | |||
| '''ɔɔ''' /ɔː/ | |||
|rowspan="2"| '''ꜿr, ɔr''' /ɑɚ/ | |||
|- | |||
! style="" |Open | |||
| '''a''' /æ/ | |||
| '''aa''' /æː/ | |||
| '''ar''' /æɚ/ | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| | |||
| '''ꜿ''' /ɑ/ | |||
| '''ꜿꜿ''' /ɑː/ | |||
|} | |||
As '''ꜿ''' is a rare vowel sound in Windermere, it's often merged with '''ɔ''' into /ɑ~ɒ/. This does not happen in all accents of Windermere so the spelling distinguishes the two phonemes. | |||
Windermere also allows the following diphthongs: '''iə yə uə ai ꜿe ꜿo au ꜿy ei ɔi ɿu ꝏi eꜿ əi əy əu'''. | |||
===Prosody=== | |||
====Stress==== | |||
Most of the time, the stress falls on the first syllable. Exceptions are sesquisyllables that result from epenthesis of initial consonant clusters. | |||
====Intonation==== | |||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
The syllable structure is (C)(C)V(C)(C), where V can be a vowel or a diphthong. | |||
===Morphophonology=== | |||
==J-Korean== | ==J-Korean== | ||
Pseudo-Modern Greek | Pseudo-Modern Greek | ||