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| Line 14: |
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| 8000: urána | | 8000: urána |
| ==Diachronics== | | ==Diachronics== |
| ===Vowels===
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| *a e i o u
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| *a: e: i: o: u: ä: å:
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| *a:: e:: i:: o:: u:: ä:: å::
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| *ai au ei eu oi ou
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| *a:i a:u e:i i:u e:u o:i o:u u:i
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|
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| ===Diphthongs simplify before laryngeals===
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| ====Before x or xʷ====
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| Let X be a one of ''x'' and ''xʷ''. Then:
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| *aiX > eX
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| *auX > oX
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| *eiX > iX
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| *euX > oX
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| *oiX > eX
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| *ouX > uX
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| *a:iX > a:X
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| *a:uX > a:X
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| *e:iX > e:X
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| *e:uX > e:X
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| *o:uX > o:X
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| *o:iX > o:X
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|
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| ====Before ħ====
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| *aiħ > aħ
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| *eiħ > eħ
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| *euħ > eħ
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| *oiħ > oħ
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| *ouħ > oħ
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| *a:iħ > a:ħ
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| *a:uħ > a:ħ
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| *e:iħ > e:ħ
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| *e:uħ > e:ħ
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| *o:uħ > o:ħ
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| *o:iħ > o:ħ
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|
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| ===Laryngeal loss===
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| *x-, ħ-, xʷ- > e-, a-, o-
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|
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| In the following, When the vowel before the permutation is long, the reflex is overlong.
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| ====h1====
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| *axa exa ixa oxa uxa > a: ä: e: å: o:
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| *axe exe ixe oxe uxe > ä: e: i: e: i:
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| *axi exi ixi oxi uxi > e: i: i: e: i:
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| *axo exo ixo oxo uxo > å: e: e: o: u:
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| *axu exu ixu oxu uxu > o: e: i: u: u:
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| *axC exC ixC oxC uxC > ä: e: i: o: u:
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| ====h2====
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| *aħa eħa iħa oħa uħa > a: a: ä: a: å:
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| *aħe eħe iħe oħe uħe > a: ä: e: ä: e:
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| *aħi eħi iħi oħi uħi > ä: e: e: ä: e:
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| *aħo eħo iħo oħo uħo > a: ä: ä: å: o:
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| *aħu eħu iħu oħu uħu > å: ä: e: o: o:
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| *aħC eħC iħC oħC uħC > a: ä: e: å: o:
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| ====h3====
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| Let ''V'' be the set of vowel qualities {a, ä, å, e, i, o, u}, and let ''q : V → V'' denote the involutive permutation (ä å)(e o)(i u). Then for a given ''v'' ∈ ''V'', the reflex of ''v''xʷ''v'' equals ''q''(''v′'')xʷ''q''(''v′'') = ''q''(''v′xv′''), where ''v′'' denotes ''q''(''v''):
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| *axʷa exʷa ixʷa oxʷa uxʷa > a: ä: e: å: o:
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| *axʷe exʷe ixʷe oxʷe uxʷe > ä: e: i: o: o:
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| *axʷi exʷi ixʷi oxʷi uxʷi > e: i: i: o: u:
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| *axʷo exʷo ixʷo oxʷo uxʷo > å: o: u: o: u:
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| *axʷu exʷu ixʷu oxʷu uxʷu > o: o: u: u: u:
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| *axʷC exʷC ixʷC oxʷC uxʷC > å: e: i: o: u:
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|
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| ===Overlong diphthongs===
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| *a::i a::u e::i i::u e::u o::i o::u u::i > a:: a:: e:: i:: e:: o:: o:: u::
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|
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| The resulting vowel system is:
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| *a e i o u
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| *a: e: i: o: u: ä: å:
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| *a:: e:: i:: o:: u:: ä:: å::
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| *ai au ei eu oi ou
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| *a:i a:u e:i i:u e:u o:i o:u u:i
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|
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| ===Last changes common to all T-Talsmic languages===
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| *kʷ gʷ > ts dz > t d
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| *k g > tʃ dʒ > s z
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| *rk > rt
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|
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| ===Andarin===
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| *ð > funny lateral-ish sound > l
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| *f > þ
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| *þ > s
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| *ł > hy
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| *p > kw > ty
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| *b > gw > w/y (hiatus breaker)
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| *rb, lb > rd, ld
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| *lz > ld
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| *d > r
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| *mb > ngw > ndy
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| *m > ny
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| *rw, lw > rr, ll
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| *ð > funny lateral-ish sound > l
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| *f > þ
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| *þ > s
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| *ł > hy
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| *p > kw > ty
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| *b > gw > w/y (hiatus breaker)
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| *rb, lb > rd, ld
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| *lz > ld
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| *d > r
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| *mb > ngw > ndy
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| *m > ny
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| *rw, lw > rr, ll
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| ==Phonology== | | ==Phonology== |
| Based on the idea of "minimalistic Elvish". | | Based on the idea of "minimalistic Elvish". |