Gothevian: Difference between revisions
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===Historical evolution=== | ===Historical evolution=== | ||
====From Classical Gothic to Pre-Gothevian==== | ====From Classical Gothic to Pre-Gothevian==== | ||
* /ɸ/ shifts to /θ/ before /l/, /n/. | |||
*: <small>Got.</small> {{l|got|flōdus}} /ˈfloː.ðus/ → <small>P-G</small> ''þlṓdus ~ þlōþs'' /ˈθloː.ðus ~ θloːθs/ ("river") | |||
*: <small>Got.</small> {{l|got|*lifnan}} /ˈlif.nan/ → <small>P-G</small> ''*líþnan'' /ˈliθ.nan/ ("to leave") | |||
* /h/, /w/ fortify into /k/, /p/ before /l/, /r/. | * /h/, /w/ fortify into /k/, /p/ before /l/, /r/. | ||
*: <small>Got.</small> {{l|got|wlits}} /wlits/ → <small>P-G</small> ''plits'' /plits/ ("face") | *: <small>Got.</small> {{l|got|wlits}} /wlits/ → <small>P-G</small> ''plits'' /plits/ ("face") | ||
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* /θ/, /ð/ fortify to /t/, /d/ when directly followed by another consonant that is not a glide or a plosive. | * /θ/, /ð/ fortify to /t/, /d/ when directly followed by another consonant that is not a glide or a plosive. | ||
*: <small>OG</small> ''þrɛi'' /θri(ː)/ → <small>early MG</small> ''trɛi'' /tri(ː)/ ("three") | *: <small>OG</small> ''þrɛi'' /θri(ː)/ → <small>early MG</small> ''trɛi'' /tri(ː)/ ("three") | ||
*: <small>OG</small> ''þloþ'' /θloːθ/ → <small>early MG</small> ''tloþ'' /tloːθ/ ("river") | |||
* One of /θ, ð/, /s, z/ retracts to /s, z/, /ʃ, ʒ/ respectively, triggering a chain shift that causes the second to also retract. | * One of /θ, ð/, /s, z/ retracts to /s, z/, /ʃ, ʒ/ respectively, triggering a chain shift that causes the second to also retract. | ||
*: <small>OG</small> ''síwþan'' /ˈsiw.θan/ → <small>MG</small> ''šíwsan'' /ˈʃiw.sɨn/ ("to boil") | *: <small>OG</small> ''síwþan'' /ˈsiw.θan/ → <small>MG</small> ''šíwsan'' /ˈʃiw.sɨn/ ("to boil") | ||
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*: <small>OG</small> ''wulkán'' /wul.ˈkan/ → <small>MG</small> ''ulkán'' /ul.ˈkan/ ("volcano") | *: <small>OG</small> ''wulkán'' /wul.ˈkan/ → <small>MG</small> ''ulkán'' /ul.ˈkan/ ("volcano") | ||
* Geminate consonants lose their gemination. | * Geminate consonants lose their gemination. | ||
* /œ/, /y/ merge into /ɨ~ə/. | * /œ/, /y/ merge into /ɨ~ə/. Unstressed /a/ also develops into /ɨ~ə/. Other short unstressed vowels may also sporadically develop into /ɨ~ə/. | ||
*: <small>OG</small> ''smýrna'' /ˈsmyr.na/ → <small>MG</small> ''šmýrna, šmýrny'' /ˈʃmɨr.nə/ ("myrrh") | |||
* Vowels preceding a nasal consonant coalesce into a long nasalized vowel if followed by a fricative or a liquid. These nasalized vowels lose their nasalization shortly after. /ẽː/, /ø̃ː/, /õː/ develop into /aː/ during this process. | * Vowels preceding a nasal consonant coalesce into a long nasalized vowel if followed by a fricative or a liquid. These nasalized vowels lose their nasalization shortly after. /ẽː/, /ø̃ː/, /õː/ develop into /aː/ during this process. | ||
*: <small>OG</small> ''swinþ'' /swinθ/ → <small>early MG</small> ''šwinþ, *šwɛiþ'' /ʃwiːθ/ ("strong") | |||
*: <small>late OG</small> ''ξanθ'' /skanθ ~ ksanθ/ → <small>early MG</small> ''ξanθ, ξanþ'' /ʃkaːs/ ("blond") | |||
* /iː, eː/, /yː, øː/, /uː, oː/ develop into /je̞/, /we̞/, /wo̞/ respectively. | * /iː, eː/, /yː, øː/, /uː, oː/ develop into /je̞/, /we̞/, /wo̞/ respectively. | ||
* /ɛː/, /œː/, /ɔː/, /aː/ develop into /ja/, /wɨ~wə/, /wa/, /a/ respectively. | * /ɛː/, /œː/, /ɔː/, /aː/ develop into /ja/, /wɨ~wə/, /wa/, /a/ respectively. | ||