Gothevian: Difference between revisions
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==Phonology== | ==Phonology== | ||
===Vowels=== | ===Vowels=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center;" | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold;" | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[w:Front vowel|Front]] | |||
! style="vertical-align:middle;" | [[w:Central vowel|Central]] | |||
! [[w:Back vowel|Back]] | |||
|- style="vertical-align:middle;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Close vowel|Close]] | |||
| [[w:Close front unrounded vowel|i]] | |||
| rowspan="2" | [[w:Close central unrounded vowel|ɨ]]~[[w:Mid central vowel|ə]]~[[w:Near-open central vowel|ɐ]] | |||
| [[w:Close back rounded vowel|u]] | |||
|- style="vertical-align:middle;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:mid vowel|Mid]] | |||
| [[w:Mid front unrounded vowel|e]] | |||
| [[w:Mid front unrounded vowel|o]] | |||
|- style="vertical-align:middle;" | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Open vowel|Open]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Open central unrounded vowel|a]] | |||
| | |||
|} | |||
* Gothevian lacks a phonemic length distinction, but vowels in stressed syllables may allophonically be slightly lengthened. | |||
* Mid vowels /e, o/ are mostly [[w:mid vowel|true-mid]] [e̞, o̞]. They may be allophonically pronounced closer to open-mid [e, o] in the vicinity of open vowels /i, u/, or closer to open-mid [ɛ, ɔ] in the vicinity of central vowels /a, ɨ/. | |||
* The open vowel /a/ is [[w:Central vowel|true-central]] [ä]. | |||
* The non-open central vowel (notated here on out as /ɨ/) takes on a couple if realizations. In stressed positions it is commonly [ɨ]. In unstressed positions it is either also [ɨ], [ə], or, particularly in eastern and far-western dialects, [ɐ]. | |||
===Consonants=== | ===Consonants=== | ||
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align:center; vertical-align:middle;" | |||
|- style="font-weight:bold;" | |||
! colspan="2" | | |||
! [[w:Labial consonant|Labial]] | |||
! [[w:Alveolar consonant|Alveolar]] | |||
! [[w:Palatal consonant|Palatal]] | |||
! [[w:Velar consonant|Velar]] | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Nasal consonant|Nasal]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial nasal|m]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar nasals|n]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Plosive consonant|Plosive]] | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | <small>[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]</small> | |||
| [[w:Voiceless bilabial plosive|p]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless dental and alveolar plosives|t]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar affricate|t͡ʃ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless velar plosive|k]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | <small>[[w:voicing (phonetics)|voiced]]</small> | |||
| [[w:Voiced bilabial plosive|b]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental and alveolar plosives|d]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced postalveolar affricate|d͡ʒ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced velar plosive|ɡ]] | |||
|- | |||
! rowspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Fricative consonant|Fricative]] | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | <small>[[w:voicelessness|voiceless]]</small> | |||
| [[w:Voiceless labiodental fricative|f]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless alveolar fricative|s]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless postalveolar fricative|ʃ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiceless velar fricative|x]] | |||
|- | |||
! style="font-weight:bold;" | <small>[[w:voicing (phonetics)|voiced]]</small> | |||
| [[w:Voiced labiodental fricative|v]]~[[w:Voiced labiodental approximant|ʋ]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced alveolar fricative|z]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced postalveolar fricative|ʒ]] | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Trill consonant|Trill]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar trills|r]] | |||
| | |||
| | |||
|- | |||
! colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;" | [[w:Approximant consonant|Approximant]] | |||
| | |||
| [[w:Voiced dental, alveolar and postalveolar lateral approximants|l]] | |||
| [[w:Voiced palatal approximant|j]] | |||
| ([[w:Voiced labial–velar approximant|w]]) | |||
|} | |||
* /p, t, k/ are unaspirated [p, t, k]. | |||
* /s, z/ are denti-alveolar [s̟, z̟]. | |||
* /v/ may be a true fricative [v] or an approximant [ʋ]. | |||
* /r/ may be pronounced as either a trill [r] or a tap [ɾ]. The trilled pronunciation is commonplace when it is followed by a glide, such as in ⟨[[Contionary:róždy|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|róždy}}]]⟩ [ˈ'''r'''wo̞ʒdə]. | |||
* In eastern dialects, /l/ is velarized [ɫ]. | |||
* [w] is an allophone of /v/ when directly preceded or followed by a consonant. Compare ⟨[[Contionary:oš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|oš}}]]⟩ ['''v'''o̞ʃ] and ⟨[[Contionary:šoš|{{lang|gthv|sc=Gthv|šoš}}]]⟩ [ʃ'''w'''o̞ʃ]. | |||
===Stress=== | ===Stress=== | ||
==Orthography== | ==Orthography== | ||
<div style=display:inline-grid> | <div style=display:inline-grid> | ||