Verse:Tdūrzů/Hebrew: Difference between revisions

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'''Modern Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית מאָדערנית}} ''ʼivrís modérnis'' [(ʔ)ɪvˈʁis ~~mʌˈdɛʁnɪs~~] or {{heb|עברית בת זמננו}} ''ʼivrís bas zmanếnu''), also known as '''Israeli Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית ישראלית}} ''ʼivrís yisreʼêlís''), was revived based on the [[w:Ashkenazi Hebrew|Ashkenazi pronunciation]] of the [[w:Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian vocalization]]. The Ashkenazi pronunciation was chosen because it was familiar to Ashkenazi Jews and preserved more distinctions between Tiberian Hebrew vowels.

'''Modern Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית מאָדערנית}} ''ʼivrís modérnis'' [(ʔ)ɪvˈʁis mɜˈdɛʁnɪs] or {{heb|עברית בת זמננו}} ''ʼivrís bas zmanếnu''), also known as '''Israeli Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית ישראלית}} ''ʼivrís yisreʼêlís''), was revived based on the [[w:Ashkenazi Hebrew|Ashkenazi pronunciation]] of the [[w:Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian vocalization]]. The Ashkenazi pronunciation was chosen because it was familiar to Ashkenazi Jews and preserved more distinctions between Tiberian Hebrew vowels.

==Phonology==

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|-

|{{IPA|/æ/}}

| {{IPA|/~~gʌˈdæl~~/}}

| {{IPA|/gɜˈdæl/}}

| ''ʼgodal''

| {{heb|גדל}}

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|-

|{{IPA|/ø̃~ə̃/}}

| {{IPA|/~~ʔʌˈsø̃~~/}}

| {{IPA|/ʔɜˈsø̃/}}

| ''ʼosǫ̂́''

| {{heb|אתון}}

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|}

Vowels tend to reduce in unstressed syllables: /æ/ reduces to [ɐ], /ɛ/ to [ə], /ɒ/ to [ʌ], /ø/ to [ʏ], /ø̃/ to [ə̃], /u/ to [ʉ], and /i/ and final /e/ to [ɪ]. /ɛ̃/ and /ɐ̃/ merge to /ɐ̃/ in unstressed syllables.

Vowels tend to reduce in unstressed syllables: /æ/ reduces to [ɐ], /ɛ/ to [ə], /ɒ/ to [ɜ], /ø/ to [ʏ], /ø̃/ to [ə̃], /u/ to [ʉ], and /i/ and final /e/ to [ɪ]. /ɛ̃/ and /ɐ̃/ merge to /ɐ̃/ in unstressed syllables.

==Grammar==

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Loanwords are usually spelt as in Yiddish (with the addition of ''chốlę'' for front rounded vowels; e.g. {{heb|גּוֹדֶעל}} for ''Gödel''), and the feminine ending ''-a'' in international words becomes ''-e'', (spelled {{heb|-ע}}).

Nouns ending in /o/ are mapped directly to feminine nouns: טַאקָה, טַאקוֹת ''táko, tákôs'' 'taco, tacos~~'. This applies also to nouns ending in the Latinate suffix ''-io'': עוואלוציה ''evolútzyo'' 'evolution~~'.

Nouns ending in /o/ are mapped directly to feminine nouns: טַאקָה, טַאקוֹת ''táko, tákôs'' 'taco, tacos'.

Final /-m/ or /-n/ in foreign loanwords are spelt with a non-final מ and נ.

Line 196:

''Phonetic transcription of everyday speech:''

[ˌʁuɐχ ɐ ~~t͡sʌˈfɔ̃ˑ~~ vɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ nɪχnəˈsu ˌpɐ̃ːˑ lə vɪˈkuɐχ ˈmi mɛ̃ːˑ ~~χɐzʌˈkɒ~~ jʏˈseʁ | və ˈɪ̃nɪ ˈbɒ lɪkʁɐˌsɔ̃ˑ ʏˌleχ ˈʁɛgəl ɐˈtuf bə məˈil ˈχɐ̃ˑ | ɐ ʃˈtɐ̃ɪ̃ˑ ɪsˈkɪ̃mʉ ʃə ˈzøs ɐˌʃɛʁ tɐt͡sˈliɐχ ʁɪʃə̃ˈnɒ ləɐfˈʃit əs ɐ ˈiʃ mɪ məɪˈlø teχɐˈʃev kɐ ~~χɐzʌˈkɒ~~ jʏˈseʁ | ~~ʌz nʌʃˈvɒ~~ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ ~~χʌˈzɒk~~ kəˈχɒl ʃɐˈjɒχ lʌ | ɐˌvɒl kəˈχɒl ʃə ~~nʌˈʃvɒ~~ jʏˈseʁ ˈkɛ̃ isɐˈtef ɐ ˈiʃ bə məɪˈlø bəˈjɛsəʁ seːs | və ləvɐˈsøf vɪtˈrɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ ɐl ˈkɒl ~~nɪsʌˈjø̃ˑ~~ nʏˈsɒf | ~~ʌz ɪsˈχilʌ~~ ɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ ~~ləʌˈfit͡s~~ əs ~~kɐʁˈneʌ~~ ɐ χɐ̃ˈmøs | və mɪˈjɒd ~~pʌˈʃæt~~ ʏˌleχ ɐ ˈʁɛgəl əs məɪˈlø | və ˈkɒχ nɛːt͡sˈlɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ ləʏˈdøs ʃɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ ~~χɐzʌˈkɒ mɪˈmɛ̃nʌ~~]

[ˌʁuɐχ ɐ t͡sɜˈfɔ̃ˑ vɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ nɪχnəˈsu ˌpɐ̃ːˑ lə vɪˈkuɐχ ˈmi mɛ̃ːˑ χɐzɜˈkɒ jʏˈseʁ | və ˈɪ̃nɪ ˈbɒ lɪkʁɐˌsɔ̃ˑ ʏˌleχ ˈʁɛgəl ɐˈtuf bə məˈil ˈχɐ̃ˑ | ɐ ʃˈtɐ̃ɪ̃ˑ ɪsˈkɪ̃mʉ ʃə ˈzøs ɐˌʃɛʁ tɐt͡sˈliɐχ ʁɪʃə̃ˈnɒ ləɐfˈʃit əs ɐ ˈiʃ mɪ məɪˈlø teχɐˈʃev kɐ χɐzɜˈkɒ jʏˈseʁ | ɜz nɜʃˈvɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ χɜˈzɒk kəˈχɒl ʃɐˈjɒχ lɜ | ɐˌvɒl kəˈχɒl ʃə nɜˈʃvɒ jʏˈseʁ ˈkɛ̃ isɐˈtef ɐ ˈiʃ bə məɪˈlø bəˈjɛsəʁ seːs | və ləvɐˈsøf vɪtˈrɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ ɐl ˈkɒl nɪsɜˈjø̃ˑ nʏˈsɒf | ɜz ɪsˈχilɜ ɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ ləɜˈfit͡s əs kɐʁˈneɜ ɐ χɐ̃ˈmøs | və mɪˈjɒd pɜˈʃæt ʏˌleχ ɐ ˈʁɛgəl əs məɪˈlø | və ˈkɒχ nɛːt͡sˈlɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ ləʏˈdøs ʃɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ χɐzɜˈkɒ mɪˈmɛ̃nɜ]

[[Category:Semitic languages]]

@@ Line 16: / Line 16: @@
 }}
-'''Modern Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית מאָדערנית}} ''ʼivrís modérnis'' [(ʔ)ɪvˈʁis mʌˈdɛʁnɪs] or {{heb|עברית בת זמננו}} ''ʼivrís bas zmanếnu''), also known as '''Israeli Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית ישראלית}} ''ʼivrís yisreʼêlís''), was revived based on the [[w:Ashkenazi Hebrew|Ashkenazi pronunciation]] of the [[w:Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian vocalization]]. The Ashkenazi pronunciation was chosen because it was familiar to Ashkenazi Jews and preserved more distinctions between Tiberian Hebrew vowels.
+'''Modern Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית מאָדערנית}} ''ʼivrís modérnis'' [(ʔ)ɪvˈʁis mɜˈdɛʁnɪs] or {{heb|עברית בת זמננו}} ''ʼivrís bas zmanếnu''), also known as '''Israeli Hebrew''' ({{heb|עברית ישראלית}} ''ʼivrís yisreʼêlís''), was revived based on the [[w:Ashkenazi Hebrew|Ashkenazi pronunciation]] of the [[w:Tiberian Hebrew|Tiberian vocalization]]. The Ashkenazi pronunciation was chosen because it was familiar to Ashkenazi Jews and preserved more distinctions between Tiberian Hebrew vowels.
 ==Phonology==
@@ Line 93: / Line 93: @@
 |-
 |{{IPA|/æ/}}
-| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/gʌˈdæl/}}</span>
+| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/gɜˈdæl/}}</span>
 | ''ʼgodal''
 | {{heb|גדל}}
@@ Line 153: / Line 153: @@
 |-
 |{{IPA|/ø̃~ə̃/}}
-| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔʌˈsø̃/}}</span>
+| <span style="font-size:120%">{{IPA|/ʔɜˈsø̃/}}</span>
 | ''ʼosố&#808;''
 | {{heb|אתון}}
@@ Line 171: / Line 171: @@
 |}
-Vowels tend to reduce in unstressed syllables: /æ/ reduces to [ɐ], /ɛ/ to [ə], /ɒ/ to [ʌ], /ø/ to [ʏ], /ø̃/ to [ə̃], /u/ to [ʉ], and /i/ and final /e/ to [ɪ]. /ɛ̃/ and /ɐ̃/ merge to /ɐ̃/ in unstressed syllables.
+Vowels tend to reduce in unstressed syllables: /æ/ reduces to [ɐ], /ɛ/ to [ə], /ɒ/ to [ɜ], /ø/ to [ʏ], /ø̃/ to [ə̃], /u/ to [ʉ], and /i/ and final /e/ to [ɪ]. /ɛ̃/ and /ɐ̃/ merge to /ɐ̃/ in unstressed syllables.
 ==Grammar==
@@ Line 185: / Line 185: @@
 Loanwords are usually spelt as in Yiddish (with the addition of ''chốlę'' for front rounded vowels; e.g. {{heb|גּוֹדֶעל}} for ''Gödel''), and the feminine ending ''-a'' in international words becomes ''-e'', (spelled {{heb|-ע}}).
-Nouns ending in /o/ are mapped directly to feminine nouns: טַאקָה, טַאקוֹת ''táko, tákôs'' 'taco, tacos'. This applies also to nouns ending in the Latinate suffix ''-io'': עוואלוציה ''evolútzyo'' 'evolution'.
+Nouns ending in /o/ are mapped directly to feminine nouns: טַאקָה, טַאקוֹת ''táko, tákôs'' 'taco, tacos'.
 Final /-m/ or /-n/ in foreign loanwords are spelt with a non-final מ and נ.
@@ Line 196: / Line 196: @@
 ''Phonetic transcription of everyday speech:''
-[ˌʁuɐχ ɐ t͡sʌˈfɔ̃ˑ vɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ nɪχnəˈsu ˌpɐ̃ːˑ lə vɪˈkuɐχ ˈmi mɛ̃ːˑ χɐzʌˈkɒ jʏˈseʁ | və ˈɪ̃nɪ ˈbɒ lɪkʁɐˌsɔ̃ˑ ʏˌleχ ˈʁɛgəl ɐˈtuf bə məˈil ˈχɐ̃ˑ | ɐ ʃˈtɐ̃ɪ̃ˑ ɪsˈkɪ̃mʉ ʃə ˈzøs ɐˌʃɛʁ tɐt͡sˈliɐχ ʁɪʃə̃ˈnɒ ləɐfˈʃit əs ɐ ˈiʃ mɪ məɪˈlø teχɐˈʃev kɐ χɐzʌˈkɒ jʏˈseʁ | ʌz nʌʃˈvɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ χʌˈzɒk kəˈχɒl ʃɐˈjɒχ lʌ | ɐˌvɒl kəˈχɒl ʃə nʌˈʃvɒ jʏˈseʁ ˈkɛ̃ isɐˈtef ɐ ˈiʃ bə məɪˈlø bəˈjɛsəʁ seːs | və ləvɐˈsøf vɪtˈrɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ ɐl ˈkɒl nɪsʌˈjø̃ˑ nʏˈsɒf | ʌz ɪsˈχilʌ ɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ ləʌˈfit͡s əs kɐʁˈneʌ ɐ χɐ̃ˈmøs | və mɪˈjɒd pʌˈʃæt ʏˌleχ ɐ ˈʁɛgəl əs məɪˈlø | və ˈkɒχ nɛːt͡sˈlɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ ləʏˈdøs ʃɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ χɐzʌˈkɒ mɪˈmɛ̃nʌ]
+[ˌʁuɐχ ɐ t͡sɜˈfɔ̃ˑ vɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ nɪχnəˈsu ˌpɐ̃ːˑ lə vɪˈkuɐχ ˈmi mɛ̃ːˑ χɐzɜˈkɒ jʏˈseʁ | və ˈɪ̃nɪ ˈbɒ lɪkʁɐˌsɔ̃ˑ ʏˌleχ ˈʁɛgəl ɐˈtuf bə məˈil ˈχɐ̃ˑ | ɐ ʃˈtɐ̃ɪ̃ˑ ɪsˈkɪ̃mʉ ʃə ˈzøs ɐˌʃɛʁ tɐt͡sˈliɐχ ʁɪʃə̃ˈnɒ ləɐfˈʃit əs ɐ ˈiʃ mɪ məɪˈlø teχɐˈʃev kɐ χɐzɜˈkɒ jʏˈseʁ | ɜz nɜʃˈvɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ χɜˈzɒk kəˈχɒl ʃɐˈjɒχ lɜ | ɐˌvɒl kəˈχɒl ʃə nɜˈʃvɒ jʏˈseʁ ˈkɛ̃ isɐˈtef ɐ ˈiʃ bə məɪˈlø bəˈjɛsəʁ seːs | və ləvɐˈsøf vɪtˈrɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ ɐl ˈkɒl nɪsɜˈjø̃ˑ nʏˈsɒf | ɜz ɪsˈχilɜ ɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ ləɜˈfit͡s əs kɐʁˈneɜ ɐ χɐ̃ˈmøs | və mɪˈjɒd pɜˈʃæt ʏˌleχ ɐ ˈʁɛgəl əs məɪˈlø | və ˈkɒχ nɛːt͡sˈlɒ ɐ ˈʁuɐχ ləʏˈdøs ʃɐ ˈʃɛ̃məʃ χɐzɜˈkɒ mɪˈmɛ̃nɜ]
 [[Category:Semitic languages]]