Aryan: Difference between revisions

Line 3,063:

|-

! Nominative

| *aiǵṓn || *tū || X || *ōyṓn || *ūyū́ || X || *ṓns || *ū́s || X

| *aiǵṓn || *tū́ || X || *ōyṓn || *ūyū́ || X || *ṓns || *ū́s || X

|-

! Accusative

| *nh0 || *twh0 || X || *nóh0 || *yú0 || X || *~~nasah~~0 || *wsah0 || X

| *nh0 || *twh0 || X || *nóh0 || *yú0 || X || *nsah0 || *wsah0 || X

|-

! Genitive

| *nya ~ *nana || *twaya ~ *twana || X || *nóya ~ *nóna || *yúya ~*yúna || X || *~~nasya~~ || *wsya || X

| *nya ~ *nana || *twaya ~ *twana || X || *nóya ~ *nóna || *yúya ~*yúna || X || *nsya || *wsya || X

|-

! Dative

| *nay || *tway || X || *nóay || *yúay || X || *~~nasay~~ || *wsay || X

| *nay || *tway || X || *nóay || *yúay || X || *nsay || *wsay || X

|-

|}

p

... when inflected, the lemmas are weakened (e.g. *tū > *tw- "you") ...

* The nasal in ''*aiǵṓn'' "I" was subsequently labialized by the preceding vowel, shortening the nucleus (i.e. /ɔːn/ ⇒ /ɔwn/ ⇒ /ɔm/) ~~and affecting~~ all other inflections of the first person singular.

* The nasal in ''*aiǵṓn'' "I" was subsequently labialized by the preceding vowel, shortening the nucleus (i.e. /ɔːn/ ⇒ /ɔwn/ ⇒ /ɔm/).

** e.g. the Aryan form ''*nh0'' "me" became ''*mh0'', then PIE ''*me''.

** This sound change affected all other inflections of the first person singular.

*** e.g. the Aryan form ''*nh0'' "me" became ''*mh0'', then PIE ''*me''.

*The dual is formed by erasing sounds of the singular, then reduplicating it (e.g. ''*aiǵṓn'' ⇒ ''*ōyṓn''; ''*tū́'' ⇒ ''*ūyū́''), with medial ''*y'' inserted to avoid diphthongs.

** The products of this process would eventually substitute the plural forms (i.e. ''*ṓns'' "we (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ōyṓn'' "we (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*wéy'' "we (plural)" (PIE); ''*ūs'' "you (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ūyú'' "you (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''yū́'' "you (plural)" (PIE)).

@@ Line 3,063: / Line 3,063: @@
 |-
 ! Nominative
-| *aiǵṓn || *tū || X || *ōyṓn  || *ūyū́ || X || *ṓns || *ū́s || X
+| *aiǵṓn || *tū́ || X || *ōyṓn  || *ūyū́ || X || *ṓns || *ū́s || X
 |-
 ! Accusative
-| *nh<sub>0</sub> || *twh<sub>0</sub> || X || *nóh<sub>0</sub> || *yú<sub>0</sub> || X || *nasah<sub>0</sub> || *wsah<sub>0</sub> || X
+| *nh<sub>0</sub> || *twh<sub>0</sub> || X || *nóh<sub>0</sub> || *yú<sub>0</sub> || X || *nsah<sub>0</sub> || *wsah<sub>0</sub> || X
 |-
 ! Genitive
-| *nya ~ *nana || *twaya ~ *twana || X || *nóya ~ *nóna || *yúya ~*yúna || X || *nasya || *wsya || X
+| *nya ~ *nana || *twaya ~ *twana || X || *nóya ~ *nóna || *yúya ~*yúna || X || *nsya || *wsya || X
 |-
 ! Dative
-| *nay || *tway || X || *nóay || *yúay || X || *nasay  || *wsay || X
+| *nay || *tway || X || *nóay || *yúay || X || *nsay  || *wsay || X
 |-
 |}
+p
 ... when inflected, the lemmas are weakened (e.g. *tū > *tw- "you") ...
-* The nasal in ''*aiǵṓn'' "I" was subsequently labialized by the preceding vowel, shortening the nucleus (i.e. /ɔːn/ ⇒ /ɔwn/ ⇒ /ɔm/) and affecting all other inflections of the first person singular.
+* The nasal in ''*aiǵṓn'' "I" was subsequently labialized by the preceding vowel, shortening the nucleus (i.e. /ɔːn/ ⇒ /ɔwn/ ⇒ /ɔm/).
-** e.g. the Aryan form ''*nh<sub>0</sub>'' "me" became ''*mh<sub>0</sub>'', then PIE ''*me''.
+** This sound change affected all other inflections of the first person singular.
+*** e.g. the Aryan form ''*nh<sub>0</sub>'' "me" became ''*mh<sub>0</sub>'', then PIE ''*me''.
+*The dual is formed by erasing sounds of the singular, then reduplicating it (e.g. ''*aiǵṓn'' ⇒ ''*ōyṓn''; ''*tū́'' ⇒ ''*ūyū́''), with medial ''*y'' inserted to avoid diphthongs.
+** The products of this process would eventually substitute the plural forms (i.e. ''*ṓns'' "we (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ōyṓn'' "we (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''*wéy'' "we (plural)" (PIE); ''*ūs'' "you (plural)" ⇒ ∅, replaced by ''*ūyú'' "you (dual)" (Aryan) ⇒ ''yū́'' "you (plural)" (PIE)).