Adamic Code: Difference between revisions

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** /k, g, (kˀ), (gˀ), h, ɦ, s, z/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.

*** /k, g/, part of the KI-type, represent the velar series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /k/ may be realized as [c] or even [ç] ~~before~~ front vowels.

**** /k/ may be realized as [c] or even [ç] if onset/coda to front vowels.

**** /g/ may be realized as [ɟ] or even [ʝ] ~~before~~ front vowels.

**** /g/ may be realized as [ɟ] or even [ʝ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

*** /(kˀ), (gˀ)/ are also considered part of the KI-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.

**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [cʼ] or [cʰ] ~~before~~ front vowels.

**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [cʼ] or [cʰ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [ʄ] or [ɟʱ] ~~before~~ front vowels.

**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [ʄ] or [ɟʱ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

*** /h, ɦ/, part of the HI-type, act as reductions of the laryngeal series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /h/ ranges from [h], [ħ], and [χ] to [x]; its Canonic allophone is [kʷ].

**** /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ]; its Canonic allophone is [gʷ].

*** /s, z/, part of the SI-type, descend from the sibilant series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /s/ may be realized as [j̥], or even as [ʃ] or [ɕ] ~~before~~ front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].

**** /s/ may be realized as [j̥], or even as [ʃ] or [ɕ] if onset/coda to front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].

**** /z/ may be realized as [j], or even as [ʒ] or [ʑ] ~~before~~ front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].

**** /z/ may be realized as [j], or even as [ʒ] or [ʑ] if onset/coda to front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].

** /p, b, (pˀ), (bˀ), n̥, m, f, v/, part of the KUHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive labials, (quasi-implosive emphatics), nasal dentals/labials, and fricative labio-dentals.

*** /p, b/, part of the KU-type, represent the labial series of older paleolithic codes.

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** /t, d, (tˀ), (dˀ), l̥, r, t͡s, ʔ/, part of the KAHS-type, is a major subgroup composed by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.

*** /t, d/, part of the KA-type, represent the dental series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /t/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] or even [t͡ɕ] ~~before~~ front vowels.

**** /t/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] or even [t͡ɕ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

**** /d/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] or even [d͡ʑ] ~~before~~ front vowels.

**** /d/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] or even [d͡ʑ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

*** /(tˀ), (dˀ)/ are also considered part of the KA-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.

**** /tˀ/ may be realized as [tʼ] or [tʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ], [t͡ʃʰ], [t͡ɕʼ], or [t͡ɕʰ] ~~before~~ front vowels.

**** /tˀ/ may be realized as [tʼ] or [tʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ], [t͡ʃʰ], [t͡ɕʼ], or [t͡ɕʰ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

**** /dˀ/ may be realized as [ɗ] or [dʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] or [d͡ʑʱ] ~~before~~ front vowels.

**** /dˀ/ may be realized as [ɗ] or [dʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] or [d͡ʑʱ] if onset/coda to front vowels.

*** /l̥, r/, part of the HA-type, act as reductions of the liquid series of older paleolithic codes.

**** /l̥/ ranges from [l̥], [l], [ɬ], [ɮ], and [ʎ̥] to [ʎ]; its Canonic allophone is [tʷ].

**** /r/ ranges from [r̥], [r], [ɾ̥], [ɾ], and [ɹ̥] to [ɹ] ; its Canonic allophone is [dʷ].

*** /t͡s, ʔ/, part of the SA-type, descend partially from older paleolithic codes in the form of /t͡s/, yet innovative with /ʔ/.

**** /t͡s/ may be realized as [t͡ɬ], or even as [ʃ], [ɕ], [t͡ʃ] or [t͡ɕ] ~~before~~ front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [tʲ].

**** /t͡s/ may be realized as [t͡ɬ], or even as [ʃ], [ɕ], [t͡ʃ] or [t͡ɕ] if onset/coda to front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [tʲ].

**** /ʔ/ may be realized as [d͡ɮ] or even as [∅]; its Canonic allophone is [dʲ].

@@ Line 206: / Line 206: @@
 ** /k, g, (kˀ), (gˀ), h, ɦ, s, z/, part of the KIHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.
 *** /k, g/, part of the KI-type, represent the velar series of older paleolithic codes.
-**** /k/ may be realized as [c] or even [ç] before front vowels.
+**** /k/ may be realized as [c] or even [ç] if onset/coda to front vowels.
-**** /g/ may be realized as [ɟ] or even [ʝ] before front vowels.
+**** /g/ may be realized as [ɟ] or even [ʝ] if onset/coda to front vowels.
 *** /(kˀ), (gˀ)/ are also considered part of the KI-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.
-**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [cʼ] or [cʰ] before front vowels.
+**** /kˀ/ may be realized as [kʼ] or [kʰ], or even as [cʼ] or [cʰ] if onset/coda to front vowels.
-**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [ʄ] or [ɟʱ] before front vowels.
+**** /gˀ/ may be realized as [ɠ] or [gʱ], or even as [ʄ] or [ɟʱ] if onset/coda to front vowels.
 *** /h, ɦ/, part of the HI-type, act as reductions of the laryngeal series of older paleolithic codes.
 **** /h/ ranges from [h], [ħ], and [χ] to [x]; its Canonic allophone is [kʷ].
 **** /ɦ/ ranges from [ɦ], [ʕ], and [ʁ] to [ɣ]; its Canonic allophone is [gʷ].
 *** /s, z/, part of the SI-type, descend from the sibilant series of older paleolithic codes.
-**** /s/ may be realized as [j̥], or even as [ʃ] or [ɕ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].
+**** /s/ may be realized as [j̥], or even as [ʃ] or [ɕ] if onset/coda to front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [kʲ].
-**** /z/ may be realized as [j], or even as [ʒ] or [ʑ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].
+**** /z/ may be realized as [j], or even as [ʒ] or [ʑ] if onset/coda to front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [gʲ].
 ** /p, b, (pˀ), (bˀ), n̥, m, f, v/, part of the KUHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive labials, (quasi-implosive emphatics), nasal dentals/labials, and fricative labio-dentals.
 *** /p, b/, part of the KU-type, represent the labial series of older paleolithic codes.
@@ Line 232: / Line 232: @@
 ** /t, d, (tˀ), (dˀ), l̥, r, t͡s, ʔ/, part of the KAHS-type, is a major subgroup composed  by plosive velars, (quasi-implosive emphatics), fricative glottals, and fricative sibilants.
 *** /t, d/, part of the KA-type, represent the dental series of older paleolithic codes.
-**** /t/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] or even [t͡ɕ] before front vowels.
+**** /t/ may be realized as [t͡ʃ] or even [t͡ɕ] if onset/coda to front vowels.
-**** /d/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] or even [d͡ʑ] before front vowels.
+**** /d/ may be realized as [d͡ʒ] or even [d͡ʑ] if onset/coda to front vowels.
 *** /(tˀ), (dˀ)/ are also considered part of the KA-type, suffering the same phonological effects as their counterparts.
-**** /tˀ/ may be realized as [tʼ] or [tʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ], [t͡ʃʰ], [t͡ɕʼ], or [t͡ɕʰ] before front vowels.
+**** /tˀ/ may be realized as [tʼ] or [tʰ], or even as [t͡ʃʼ], [t͡ʃʰ], [t͡ɕʼ], or [t͡ɕʰ] if onset/coda to front vowels.
-**** /dˀ/ may be realized as [ɗ] or [dʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] or [d͡ʑʱ] before front vowels.
+**** /dˀ/ may be realized as [ɗ] or [dʱ], or even as [d͡ʒʱ] or [d͡ʑʱ] if onset/coda to front vowels.
 *** /l̥, r/, part of the HA-type, act as reductions of the liquid series of older paleolithic codes.
 **** /l̥/ ranges from [l̥], [l], [ɬ], [ɮ], and [ʎ̥] to [ʎ]; its Canonic allophone is [tʷ].
 **** /r/ ranges from [r̥], [r], [ɾ̥], [ɾ], and [ɹ̥] to [ɹ] ; its Canonic allophone is [dʷ].
 *** /t͡s, ʔ/, part of the SA-type, descend partially from older paleolithic codes in the form of /t͡s/, yet innovative with /ʔ/.
-**** /t͡s/ may be realized as [t͡ɬ], or even as [ʃ], [ɕ], [t͡ʃ] or [t͡ɕ] before front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [tʲ].
+**** /t͡s/ may be realized as [t͡ɬ], or even as [ʃ], [ɕ], [t͡ʃ] or [t͡ɕ] if onset/coda to front vowels; its Canonic allophone is [tʲ].
 **** /ʔ/ may be realized as [d͡ɮ] or even as [∅]; its Canonic allophone is [dʲ].