Vesenian: Difference between revisions
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'''Vesenian''' is a Slavic language. | '''Vesenian''' (native: ''vesenesko'' /veseˈnesko/) is a Slavic language. | ||
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==Introduction== | |||
Vesenian is an attempt to create a "Spanish-sounding" Slavic language. | |||
<!-- Design goals, inspiration, ideas, who speaks it?, when was it created?, where does it come from?, any peculiarities? --> | |||
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Goals | |||
Setting | |||
Inspiration | |||
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<!-- ***Phonology*** --> | |||
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --> | |||
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories: | |||
Vowel inventory | |||
Consonant inventory | |||
Syllable structure | |||
Stress | |||
Intonation | |||
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==Phonology== | |||
<!-- ***Phonology*** --> | |||
<!-- What sounds does your language use? --> | |||
<!-- Here are some example sub-/other categories: | |||
Vowel inventory | |||
Consonant inventory | |||
Syllable structure | |||
Stress | |||
Intonation | |||
--> | |||
===Orthography=== | |||
===Consonants=== | |||
===Vowels=== | |||
===Prosody=== | |||
====Stress==== | |||
====Intonation==== | |||
===Phonotactics=== | |||
<!-- Explain the consonant clusters and vowel clusters that are permissible for use in the language. For example, "st" is an allowed consonant cluster in English while onset "ng" isn't. --> | |||
===Morphophonology=== | |||
===Phonological history=== | |||
===='''''From Proto-Slavic (with original vowel length preserved) to Proto-Vesenian'''''==== | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
* *oRC > *oRъC | |||
* *eRC > *eRьC | |||
* *ъRC > *ъRъC | |||
* *ьRC > *ьRьC | |||
*Weakening of yers: | |||
**Yers were considered weak (and were likely shortened to some extent but were not completely dropped) when final, and when followed by a syllable in the same word that did not contain a weak yer. | |||
**Yers followed by a syllable containing a weak yer were considered strong. | |||
**Weak yers could not carry an accent. Therefore, any accent they had was shifted to the previous vowel, resulting in the neoacute. | |||
*All final-syllable accents were shifted to the previous syllable (or the syllable before that if the penultimate syllable contained a weak yer), forming more cases of the neoacute. | |||
*Neoacute vowels (including yers) were lengthened. | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
* *šč > *sc / adjacent to front vowels | |||
* *č > *c / adjacent to front vowels | |||
* *č > *ť / otherwise | |||
* *ždž > *zdz / adjacent to front vowels | |||
* *ždž > *žď / otherwise | |||
* *ž > *z / adjacent to front vowels | |||
* *š > *s / adjacent to front vowels | |||
* *ś > *s / everywhere | |||
'''Proto-Venesian prounciation notes''' | |||
*Preserved *š = /ç/ | |||
*Preserved *ž = /ʝ/ | |||
* *ť = /c/ | |||
* *ď = /ɟ/ | |||
* *ь = /ɪ/ | |||
* *ъ = /ʊ/ | |||
===='''''From Proto-Vesenian to Early Old Vesenian'''''==== | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
<!--*ь̄ (long *ь) > e | |||
* *ъ̄ (long *ъ) > o--> | |||
*Reformulation of strong and weak yers (only applies to short yers): | |||
**The earlier distinction between strong and weak yers was lost. | |||
**Final yers were preserved except when part of a polysyllabic inflectional ending and in some other exceptional cases. | |||
**Elsewhere, yers were dropped whenever phonotactically feasible (with the second of a sequence of two yers being dropped when possible), lengthening the preceding vowel. This process was highly susceptible to analogy. | |||
**Yers were also added to break impermissible consonant clusters. The quality of the yer was in accordance with the vowel of the syllable that it split. | |||
**A front yer was also added word-initially before clusters of a sibilant + consonant. | |||
<!--Long vowels were shortened when --> | |||
* *ь̄ > e | |||
* *ъ̄ > o | |||
* *e > ь / before palatal consonants (j, ž, š, ť, ď) | |||
* *o > vъ / initially before palatal consonants (j, ž, š, ť, ď) | |||
* *o > ъ / non-initially before palatal consonants (j, ž, š, ť, ď) | |||
'''''From Early Old Vesenian to Late Old Vesenian''''' | |||
'''Vowels''' | |||
*ь, ъ > i / adjacent to j, ž, š | |||
*ь, ъ > e / adjacent to ť, ď | |||
*ь > e / otherwise | |||
*ъ > o / otherwise | |||
*ě > ē | |||
*ę > ēN / before a consonant (N = homorganic nasal to following consonant) | |||
*ę > ē / otherwise | |||
*ǫ > ōN / before a consonant | |||
*ǫ > ō / otherwise | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
*šť > ť / initially | |||
*šť > jť / otherwise | |||
*žď > ď / initially | |||
*žď > jď / otherwise | |||
*ť > č /c/ (purely transcription change) | |||
*ď > ž /ʝ/ | |||
*j > ∅ / #_i | |||
'''Transcription Notes''' | |||
*Long vowels are consistently marked with macrons. | |||
===='''''From Late Old Vesenian to Modern Vesenian'''''==== | |||
'''Vowels (vowel length marked)''' | |||
*Non-final posttonic short vowels were often dropped where phonotactically feasible. | |||
*Posttonic long vowels were shortened. | |||
*ē > ië (note: ë = /ə/) | |||
*ō > uë | |||
*ā > a | |||
*ī > i | |||
*ū > u | |||
*ȳ > ë | |||
*ë > e | |||
*CjV, CijV > CiV (i.e. became an opening diphthong) | |||
*uej > ui /u̯i/ | |||
**This occurred after ''gC > jC'' and resulted in Old Vesenian ''ōgC'' becoming ''uiC''. | |||
*Cuie > Cui | |||
**This (and the change below) occurred after CvV > CuV | |||
*Cui > Cuj / before non-front vowels | |||
'''Consonants''' | |||
*š /ç/ > x | |||
*c > ť /θ/ | |||
*j > j /ʝ/ / except when before a consonant (i.e. in a closing diphthong) or after /i/, in which case it is pronounced /j/ | |||
*ž > j /ʝ/ | |||
*dz > ď /ð/ | |||
*dl > gl | |||
*tl > kl | |||
*g > j / before consonants | |||
*x > f / before consonants | |||
*fv > f | |||
*v > u /w/ / adjacent to consonants and word-finally | |||
<!-- | |||
*gn > ň /ɲ/ | |||
*gl > ľ /ʎ/ | |||
*gd > j | |||
--> | |||
<!-- | |||
*/i/ of rising diphthongs is absorbed by the following consonants (and therefore lost in those environments): | |||
**č | |||
**x (including from earlier š) | |||
**j | |||
**ň | |||
**ľ | |||
**ř | |||
<!-- | |||
*nj > ň /ɲ/ | |||
*lj > ľ /ʎ/ | |||
*rj > ř /r/--> | |||
*r > r /ɾ/ | |||
*ř > ř /r/ | |||
*m > n / word-finally | |||
==Morphology== | |||
<!-- How do the words in your language look? How do you derive words from others? Do you have cases? Are verbs inflected? Do nouns differ from adjectives? Do adjectives differ from verbs? Etc. --> | |||
<!-- Here are some example subcategories: | |||
Nouns | |||
Adjectives | |||
Verbs | |||
Adverbs | |||
Particles | |||
Derivational morphology | |||
--> | |||
==Syntax== | |||
===Constituent order=== | |||
===Noun phrase=== | |||
===Verb phrase=== | |||
===Sentence phrase=== | |||
===Dependent clauses=== | |||
<!-- etc. etc. --> | |||
==Example texts== | |||
<!-- An example of a translated or unique text written in your language. Again, it is recommended that you make sure that the phonology, constraints, phonotactics and grammar are more or less finished before writing. --> | |||
==Other resources== | |||
<!-- Example: Word order, qualifiers, determinatives, branching, etc. --> | |||
<!-- Template area --> | |||
[[Category:Vesenian]] | |||
[[Category:Languages]] | |||
[[Category:Conlangs]] | |||
[[Category:Slavic languages]] | |||