Neckthai: Difference between revisions
| Line 291: | Line 291: | ||
*'''Z z''' - ''vèkhîet'' (Wiebian ''Pfegied'') | *'''Z z''' - ''vèkhîet'' (Wiebian ''Pfegied'') | ||
*'''F ϝ''' - ''ang'' (Wiebian ''Ang'') | *'''F ϝ''' - ''ang'' (Wiebian ''Ang'') | ||
*'''∇ ʋ''' - ''ǃxìjp'' (Wiebian ''Ŧeib'') | *'''∇ ʋ̌''' - ''ǃxìjp'' (Wiebian ''Ŧeib'') | ||
*'''Λ λ''' - ''jam'' (Wiebian ''Jamm'') | *'''Λ λ''' - ''jam'' (Wiebian ''Jamm'') | ||
*'''∫ s''' - ''vìt'' (Wiebian ''Fitt'') | *'''∫ s''' - ''vìt'' (Wiebian ''Fitt'') | ||
Revision as of 15:49, 21 November 2015
| Neckthai | |
|---|---|
| Nékthij dòai | |
| Created by | IlL |
| Setting | Hussmauch |
| Native speakers | 50 million (2200 v.C.) |
Riceneck
| |
Neckthai (native name Nékthij dòai) is a Riceneck language with over 50 million speakers. It is the official language of Neckthailand (Nékthijmien)
Phonology
Consonants
Initials
| Labial | Alveolar | Click | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Glottal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m /m/ | n /n/ | nǃx /ŋǃ/ | ng /ŋ/ | ||||
| Plosive | plain | p /p/ | t /t/ | ǃx /ǃ/ | tj /tɕ/ | k /k/ | /ʔ/ | |
| aspirated | ph /pʰ/ | th /tʰ/ | ǃxh /ǃʰ/ | tjh /tɕʰ/ | kh /kʰ/ | |||
| voiced | b /b/ | d /d/ | ||||||
| Fricative | v /f/ | z /s/ | g, sch /x/ | h /h/ | ||||
| Trill/App. | w /w/ | j /j/ | r /ʀ~ʁ/ | |||||
| Lat. app. | l /l/ | |||||||
Allowed initial clusters: pl, pr, phl, phr, vl, vr, tr, thr, ǃxr, ǃxhr, kl, kr, kw, khl, khr, khw
Many speakers in the capital Houwá Thing Vîer merge the pairs /pʀ pʰʀ/, /tʀ tʰʀ/, and /kʀ kʰʀ/. /ǃ(ʰ)ʀ/ is often pronounced as [ǃ(ʰ)]. Some dialects merge /ʀ-/ and /ŋ-/ into a nasalized uvular flap /ʀ̆ⁿ/ or approximant /ʁ̃/ and also simplify all Cr clusters to C.
Finals
| Labial | Alveolar | Dorsal | Laryngeal | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nasal | m [m] | n, l [n] | ng, r [ŋ] | ||
| Plosive | p [p̚] | t [t̚] | k [k̚] | ' [ʔ] | |
| App. | (uw [w]) | (i [j]) | |||
Vowels
Monophthongs
| Front | Central | Back | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| short | long | short | long | short | long | |
| Close | i /i/ | ie /iː/ | u /ɯᵝ/ | uu /ɯᵝː/ | oe /uː/ | |
| Close-mid | e /e/ | ee /eː/ | eo /ɤ/ | eu /ɤː/ | o /o/ | oo /oː/ |
| Open-mid | æ /ɛ/ | ae /ɛː/ | ọ /ɔ/ | oa /ɔː/ | ||
| Open | a /ɐ/ | aa /aː/ | ||||
Diphthongs
| Long | Short | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Neckthai | IPA | Neckthai | IPA |
| aai | /aːj/ | ij | /aj/ |
| aauw | /aːw/ | ouw, ou | /aw/ |
| ia | /iːa/ | ia' | /ia/ |
| ieuw | /iːw/ | – | – |
| oea | /uːa/ | oea' | /ua/ |
| oei | /uːj/ | – | – |
| eeuw | /eːw/ | euw | /ew/ |
| aeuw | /ɛːw/ | – | – |
| ua | /ɯːa/ | ua' | /ɯa/ |
| eui | /ɤːj/ | ui | /ɤj/ |
| oai | /ɔːj/ | – | – |
| ooi | /oːj/ | oi | /oj/ |
Triphthongs
| Neckthai | IPA |
|---|---|
| iauw | /iaw/ |
| oeai | /uaj/ |
| uai | /ɯaj/ |
Tones
Standard Neckthai uses 5 tones.
- Mid: raa /ʀāː/ [ʀaː˧] 'easy'
- Low: ràa /ʀàː/ [ʀaː˨˩] 'loud'
- Falling: râa /ʀâː/ [ʀaː˥˩˩] 'fruit'
- High: ráa /ʀáː/ [ʀaː˥] 'white'
- Rising: raaʔ /ʀǎː/ [ʀaː˨˩˦] 'vase'
Orthography
Neckthai is written in a version of the Tergetian abugida.
A kháschàwijjálijn (Gerschweierlein; an analogue to the Thai thanthakhat) is a %-like diacritic that marks consonants that are silenced in the Neckthai pronunciation of Wiebian loanwords. For example, wan 'body; physical object' is written ϕn!ϙ% (wand%, reflecting Wiebian Wande 'body') with a kháschàwijjálijn over the d.
- ∑ ε - tràap (Wiebian Trab)
- Ь ь - khan (Wiebian Galst)
- Ǝ 3 - kon (Wiebian Koll)
- Φ ϕ - wia (Wiebian Wirr)
- Ṭ ! - nâak (Wiebian Narch)
- Ξ ξ - lék (Wiebian Lecken)
- Κ κ - krìet (Wiebian Kried)
- Z z - vèkhîet (Wiebian Pfegied)
- F ϝ - ang (Wiebian Ang)
- ∇ ʋ̌ - ǃxìjp (Wiebian Ŧeib)
- Λ λ - jam (Wiebian Jamm)
- ∫ s - vìt (Wiebian Fitt)
- Þ þ - mâek (Wiebian Μersch)
- Ψ ψ - thák (Wiebian Dachel)
- Θ θ - ǃxhrôek (Wiebian Đruch)
- 8 x - ríp (Wiebian Rift)
- V v - schànàat (Wiebian Schnad)
- W w - thíschà schànàat (Wiebian discher Schnad) (for high-class /s/ in native words)
- Ϙ ϙ - hamʔ (Wiebian Hammel)
- Г г - phrôek (Wiebian Brug)
- Ɣ γ - sèkham (Wiebian Zegahm) (for mid-class /s/ deriving from Wiebian z)
Vowel symbols
- ^t = /ɐ/
- _t = /aː/
- ^n, ^{2t} = /e/
- _n, _{2t} = /eː/
- ^m = /ɛ/
- _m, ^n∞, _n∞ = /ɛː/
- ^2 = /i/
- _2 = /i/
- _2∞ = /iːɐ/
- ^r = /o/
- _r = /oː/
- ^N = /ɔ/
- _N, ^r∞, _r∞ = /ɔː/
- _i = /uː/
- _i∞ = /uːɐ/
- ^{2r} = /ɤ/
- _{2r}, ^{2r}∞, _{2r}∞ = /ɤː/
- ^{2i} = /ɯ/
- _{2i} = /ɯː/
- _{2i}∞ = /ɯːɐ/
Grammar
Pronouns
- I: khôet
- thou: òer
- we: ngàe
Loanwords
Many Neckthai words are derived from Wiebian and are pronounced close to Ancient Wiebian or early Middle Wiebian. For illustration of how Wiebian loanwords are treated in Neckthai, this is the full name of Houwá Thing Vîer, the capital of Neckthailand:
- Khrúmá ǃXijphen Zàtaalá Vaeʔná Zàtijlen ǃXhruuzenʔ Tràk Zàtrèzèt Khéschàwijʔphét ǃXhijn Théloatèt Kia Wítzàtà ǃXan Wágenʔ Phlátzàtouvenʔ ǃXìjk Trouphen Khéteul Thétphouzèt Houwá Thing Vîer
- /kʰrɯ́ʔmɐ́ʔ ǃāipʰēn sɐ̀ʔtāːlɐ́ʔ fɛ̌ːnɐ́ʔ sɐ̀ʔtāilēn ǃʰʀɯ̄ːsěn tʀɐ̀k | sɐ̀ʔtʀèʔsèt kʰéʔxɐ̀ʔwǎipʰét ǃʰāin | tʰéʔlɔ̄ːtèt kīːɐ wítsɐ̀ʔtɐ̀ʔ ǃɐ̄n wɐ́ʔxěn pʰlɐ́tsɐ̀ʔtāufěn ǃàik | tʀāupʰēn kʰétɤ̄ːn tʰétpʰāusèt hāuwɐ́ʔ tʰīŋ fîːŋ/
- In Wiebian spelling: Grümmerŧeibenstalerfernersteilenđrüßentrachtensträtzesgeschweibesđeinesdelorteskierwisterŧannwachenblatzstaufenŧeischestraubengetöhldesbaußeshauerdinŧ Vîer
- Grümmer-Ŧeiben-Staler-Ferner-Steilen-Đrüßen-Trachten Strätzes-Geschweibes-Đeines Delortes-kier-Wister-Ŧann-Wachen-Blatz-Staufen-Ŧeisches Trauben-Getöhl-Desbaußes-Hauer-Dinŧ Vîer
- ancient harp ??? ??? ??? ??? create-VN art wisdom-DAT shine-VN PL-eon-DAT ten wister marble wall under-royal_subject guard-VN celestial_body splendor PASS-exalt-VN king miracle city
- The miracle of the exalted king of celestial splendor who created paradise, shines in art and wisdom, and guards his subjects in a ten-wister-long eternal marble wall (1 Wister = 20 km)