User:IlL/Spare pages 1/39

syllables in CW:
-pf, -tz/ß/ss, -sch, -ch > -w-b, -0-b, -j-b -0-b
-b = -breathy
-b, -pp, -d, -t, -tt, -đ, -ŧ, -ŧŧ, -g, -ck > -p -p -t -t -t -ɧ -ɧ -ɧ -k -k
that creates a lot of finals in modern wiob

maybe this is too much?
there might no longer be creaky tone
so I'll have {voiced, unvoiced} x {phar'd, unphar'd} x {breathy, modal}
8 tones!
I'll turn breathy, modal > modal, creaky later
what about -sŧ, -st, -sp, -cht finals
-mm -mpf -nn -nd -nŧ -nđ -ng -nk > -m -m-b -n -n -ng -ng -ng -ng
how about -ft, -sŧ, -st, -sp, -cht > glottalized tone
then I can have 12 tones
I have -ke for glottalized tone too
maybe -l can result in null when it occurs in coda of a stressed syllable
not /-w/
or /-j/ or /-w/, conditioned by the vowel
Maybe I'll just have -ke instead of -s for the most productive verbal noun suffix

Swadesh list

1. I: nuo
2. thou: i
3. he/she/it: mi (this.m) mie (this.f), a (that.m), ah (that.f)
4. we: hahm (exc), wind (inc)
5. ye: lind
6. they: miu (these m), mir (these f) å (those m), ar (those f)
7. this: mi
8. that: a
9. here: ming
10. there: ang
11. who: ja
12. what: jähl
13. where: jang
14. when: jieb
15. how: jåne
16. not: mei, liens, Quachs
17. all: rei
18. many: uhr
19. some: kieŧ
20. few: ŧich
21. other: mach
22. one: wiem
23. two: descher
24. three: nach
25. four: mul
26. five: nels
27. big: halm
28. long: gau
29. wide: ŧrioch
30. thick: schab
31. heavy: garm
32. small: binŧ
33. short: kasch
34. narrow: bisch
35. thin: đipfer
36. woman: Samm, Sämmer
37. man: Ŧall, Ŧålle
38. human: Wah, Wäher
39. child: Bie, Biehe
40. wife: Heste, Hester
41. husband: Jern, Jörne
42. mother: Ahm, Ähmer
43. father: Ann, Anner
44. animal: Schleck, Schlöcke
45. fish: Hilm, Hülme
46. bird: Ŧehr, Ŧöhret
47. [a common pet]: Rüös, Ruoset
48. insect: Đichli, Đichli
49. snake?
50. worm: Fitt, Fütte
51. tree: Gein, Geiner
52. forest: Rampf, Råmpfe
53. stick: Bachs, Båchse
54. fruit: Nind, Nindet
55. seed: Pfatts, Depfatts
56. leaf: Nitt, Denütte
57. root: Flaun, Flauner
58. bark: Krau, Kraue
59. flower: Näpf, Napfe
60. grass: Knohe, Knöher
61. rope: Geletts, Geletts
62. skin: Spang, Spanget
63. meat/flesh: Ŧeid, Ŧeide
64. blood: Mänz, Manze
65. bone: Anŧ, Anŧet
66. fat: Schnebe, Schneber
67. egg: Bimm, Bümme
68. horn: Pfächte, Pfachte
69. tail: Behr, Böhre
70. feather: Hufs, Hufser
71. hair: Appe, Apper
72. head: Bast, Båster
73. ear: Điss, Đüsser
74. eye: Feich, Faücher
75. nose: Jade, Jader
76. mouth: Küöm, Kuome
77. tooth: Schwalf, Schwalfet
78. tongue: Himmer, Himmert
79. fingernail: Quab, Quäber
80. foot: Mage, Mager
81. leg: Mage, Mager
82. knee: Zegel, Zegle
83. hand: Schieme, Schiemer
84. wing: Irbe, Irbet
85. belly: Đänge, Đange
86. guts: Ŧüffer
87. neck: Krapf, Kråpfe
88. back: Blein, Blaüne
89. breast: Dack, Däcker
90. heart: Eil, Aüle
91. liver: Schürŧel, Schurŧel
92. drink: điols, đüöls, Geđiols
93. eat: haff, hiff, Haffs
94. bite: gar, gier, Garen
95. suck: ŧarg, ŧirg, Ŧargs
96. spit: speŧŧ, speŧŧe, Speŧŧel
97. vomit: begrall, begrälle, Begralls
98. blow: schwecht, schwechte, Schwechts
99. breathe: pfach, pfich, Pfachs
100. laugh: rack, rick, Räckel (smile: racknung, racknünge, Racknungs)
101. see: doss, döss, Dössel
102. hear: ŧall, ŧill, Ŧalls
103. know: gad, gied, Gads
104. think: iem, ieme, Iems
105. smell: blung, blunge, Blungs
106. fear: knatz, knitz, Geknatz
107. sleep: drau, driu, Draüel
108. live: jund, jünde, Junds
109. die: zern, zerne, Gezern
110. kill: enzern, enzerne, Enzerns

Place names

Hauerreberjamms - capital of Wiobermin - Redo bloated spelling of Hauerreberjamms after reworking sound changes
Walsterschmerg
Gertraucherzweidung
Deschrüssmeder
Ingsthanz
Gemastkriebing
Tübederchung
Iosmahrlinde
Geschelinde
Greichŧrister
Uobensbarr
Wuscherŧrungen
Flaŧŧsschmängs
Ämmerbraum
Pfiune - river name

Words

Sasch, Sasche (m) 'city'
Und, Under (f) 'day'
Schnilŧ 'pod' > scha-nil > ha níl > niin > Nien 'spice'
Ŧehr (m) 'bird' > dzai1
Ŧepfs (f) 'ice' > dzai2
enŧepf 'freeze' > ńyp2
Früngli (m) - farmer
früngs, früngs, Früngs - farm
Huß, Hußer (m) - world
Mauch, Mauchet (f) - ball, sphere > mao5
Wister - unit of length
Stuchs - pace, rhythm
enschläb - lower
enfens - raise
Bezwanns - ladder, scale
bekiod - mourn, grieve
Esch - voice
Dioder - great mountain (Surname)
Descherbast - dvandva
Wiehung, Wiehunger 'kernel'
Etter-Gedeich - piano-like glockenspiel
Neim-Gedeich - harpsichord
Ŧeib - double or triple-coursed harp
Betz - flute
Strach - trumpet
ehr - for (dative)
tur - in (dative)
gar - to (accusative)
kall - before (dative)
gei (acc) - from

Sound changes

Initials

p > b /ɓ/ high class
sp > p /pʰ/ high class
b > p low class
m > m low class
schm > m high class
w > w low class
schw > w high class
pf > pf high class
f > f high class
enpf, enf > w high class
schm, schw + séimhiú > m, w L
urú
np > b > p L
nb > m > m L
nf > mhf > w L
npf > w L
aspirate mutation
s-m > m H
s-p > p H
s-b > p H
s-w > w H
s-z > tʰ H
t > ɗ H
z > t H
st > tʰ H
d > tʰ L
n > n L
l > l L
schn > n H
schl > l H
z > t H
s > z H
ss > s H

séimhiú:
t-sé > s H
d-sé > s L
z-se > s H

uru:
nt: t̓ʰ H
nd: n L
ns: z H
nss: z H
nl > ł L
nschl > ł H
nschr > ż H

ŧ > dź H
sŧ > ć H
đ > ć L
ŧh > ś H
đh > ś L
nŧ > ć H
nđ > ł L
pl, kl > dź H
spl > ć H
bl, gl > ć L
Npl, Nkl > ć H
Nbl, Ngl > ł L
phl, khl > ś H
bhl, ghl > ś L
ml, schml > ł H, ł L

pr, pfr, tr, kr > dż H
spr, str > cz H
br, dr, gr > cz L
fr, schr > sz H
r > ż L
mr > nz L
schmr > nz H
thr > sz H
dhr > sz L
mhr > ż L?

ntr > cz H
ndr > nz L
nschr, nfr > ż H

palatals

ti, ki > dzi H
sti > ci H
di, gi > ci L
ssi, schi > si H
ni > ni L
schni > ni H
si > zi H
dzi H + se > si H
ci L + se > ni L

nti > ci L
ndi > ni L
nsi, nssi, nschi > zi H


k > g H
g > k L
tes-k > k-H
kh > ch H
gh > ch L
oh and
kn, schng > ng H
gn, ng > ng L
sch > ch H\
nk > k L
ng > ng L
nsch > ng H
wi > zi L
schwi > zi H

Rimes

' = palatalization of dentals, velars and w to palatals

short i > -y-
long i > -'ei, -yC
short e > -y-
long e > -e-
long/short ä > -'a-
long/short ü > -'ư
long/short ö > -ơ
short u > -u-
long u > -y-
long/short o > -u-
long/short å > -o-
short a > -o
long a > -'a
-ie > -'i-
-io > -'u-
-ia > -'o-
-iu > -'ư-
-uo > -u-
-üö > -'ơ
-äu > -e
-au > -au, -uC
-ei > -a

Historical phonology

Proto-Gamedan to Proto-Wiobian

• PGam *h-, *ʔ- > *0
• PGam *z > *h
• PGam *s > *ts
• Lateral obstruents become palatal obstruents
• "Grimm's law"
  • PGam plain stops become fricatives
  • PGam voiced stops become aspirated stops
  • PGam ejective stops become voiced stops

Proto-Wiobian to Classical Wiobian

• Uvulars debuccalize
  • Plain uvular stops /q ɢ/ become /ʔ/
  • Plain uvular fricative /χ/ merges with /x/ into /x~h/
  • Exception: *n + C[+uvular] yields Wiobian ng - This is why final -ng is common in Wiobian
• kʷ qʷ > kʷ, xʷ χʷ > xʷ, gʷ ɢʷ > w

Wiobian Consonant Shift:
p > f / V_V,
p > f / V_C
p > pf / #_, {l,m,n,r}_
pp > pf
t > ss or ß / V_
t > tz or z / #_, {l,m,n,r}_
tt > tz
k > ch / V_
bb > pp /
d > t
þ > d
f > b / V_V, l_