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| |''küt'' "drink" | | |''küt'' "drink" |
| | ''kütde'' "do not drink" || ''-de'' (negative) | | | ''kütde'' "do not drink" || ''-de'' (negative) |
| |}
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| ===Bases of verbs===
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| The '''characteristics''' with which verb-'''bases''' are formed from '''stems''' are given under {{section link||Inflectional suffixes}}. Note again that aorist verbs have their own peculiar negative and impotential forms.
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| The '''progressive''' base in ''-mekte'' is discussed under {{section link||Verbal nouns}}.
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| Another base, namely the '''necessitative''' (''gereklilik''), is formed from a verbal noun.
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| The characteristic is ''-meli'', where ''-li'' forms adjectives from nouns, and ''-me'' forms gerunds from verb-stems.
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| A native speaker may perceive the ending ''-meli'' as indivisible; the analysis here is from [[#Lewis]] [VIII,30]).
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| The '''present''' base is derived from the ancient verb ''yorı-'' "go, walk" [[#Lewis]] [VIII,16]; this can be used for ongoing actions, or for contemplated future actions.
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| The meaning of the '''aorist''' base is described under [[#Participles|#Adjectives from verbs: participles]].
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| There is some irregularity in first-person negative and impotential aorists. The full form of the base ''-mez'' (or ''(y)emez'') reappears before the interrogative particle ''mi'':
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| :''Gelmem'' "I do not come" (cf. ''Gelmez miyim'' "Do I not come?");
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| :''Gelmeyiz'' "We do not come" (cf. ''Gelmez miyiz'' "Do we not come?")
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| The '''definite past''' or ''di''-past is used to assert that something did happen in the past.
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| The '''inferential past''' or ''miş''-past can be understood as asserting that a past participle is applicable ''now''; hence it is used when the fact of a past event, as such, is not important; in particular, the inferential past is used when one did not actually witness the past event.
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| A newspaper will generally use the ''di''-past, because it is authoritative. The need to indicate uncertainty and inference by means of the ''miş''-past may help to explain the extensive use of ''ki'' in the newspaper excerpt at [[Turkish vocabulary#The conjunction ki]].
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| The '''conditional''' (''şart'') verb could also be called "hypothetical"; it is used for remote possibilities, or things one might wish for. (See also [[#Compound bases]].)
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| The various bases thus give distinctions of tense, aspect and mood. These can be briefly tabulated:
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| :{| class="wikitable"
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| |+ First-person singular verbs
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| ! Form !! Suffix !! Verb !! English Translation
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| |-
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| | Progressive || ''-mekte''
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| |''gelmekteyim''||"I am in the process of coming"
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| |-
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| | Necessitative || ''-meli''
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| |''gelmeliyim''||"I must come"
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| |-
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| | Positive || ''-(i/e)r''
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| |''gelirim''||"I come"
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| |-
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| | Negative || ''-me(z)''
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| |''gelmem''||"I do not come"
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| |-
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| | Impotential || ''-(y)eme(z)''
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| |''gelemem''||"I cannot come"
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| |-
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| | Future || ''-(y)ecek''
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| |''geleceğim''||"I will come"
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| |-
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| | Inferential Past || ''-miş''
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| |''gelmişim''||"It seems that I came"
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| |-
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| | Present/Imperfective || ''-iyor''
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| |''geliyorum''||"I am coming"
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| |-
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| | Perfective/Definite Past || ''-di''
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| |''geldim''||"I came"
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| |-
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| | Conditional || ''-se''
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| |''gelsem''||"if only I came"
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| |} | | |} |
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